warad ēkallim

• (Old Babylonian) IPA^(key): /ˈwa.rad eːˈkal.lim/

warad ēkallim m (plural wardū ēkallim)

1. (Old Assyrian, Old Babylonian) slave of the palace, a designation of the palace personnel
   • 1755–1750 BCE, King Hammurabi of Babylon, translated by OMNIKA Foundation, Hammurabi Code‎, The Louvre, Law 15:

     𒋳𒈠 𒀀𒉿𒈝 𒇻𒀵𒂍𒃲 𒇻𒊩𒆳𒂍𒃲 𒇻𒀵𒈦𒂗𒆕 𒇻𒊩𒆳𒈦𒂗𒆕 𒆍𒃲𒍑𒋼𒍣 𒀉𒁕𒀝

     [šumma awīlum lū warad ēkallim lū amat ēkallim lū warad muškēnim lū amat muškēnim abullam uštēṣi, iddâk.]

     šum-ma a-wi-lum lu ARAD₂ E₂.GAL lu GEME₂ E₂.GAL lu ARAD₂ MAŠ.EN.GAG lu GEME₂ MAŠ.EN.GAG ABUL uš-te-ṣi₂ id-da-ak

     If a man let a male or female slave whether of the palace or of a muškēnum escape through the city gate, he will be executed.

2. (Neo-Babylonian) arad ekalli, a designation of a specific profession, probably a builder

• warad ēkalli (non-mimated)
• arad ēkalli (non-mimated)

• → Aramaic:
  • Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: ארדיכלא (ʾardēḵlāʾ)
    • → Hebrew: אַדְרִיכָל (ʾaḏriḵɔl)
  • Classical Syriac: ܐܪܕܝܟܠܐ (ʾardēḵlāʾ)

• “arad ekalli”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎, volume 1, A, part 2, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1968
• Huehnergard, John (2011) A Grammar of Akkadian (Harvard Semitic Studies; 45), 3rd edition, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns