vunja

Swahili

Pronunciation
  • Audio (Kenya)(file)

Verb

-vunja (infinitive kuvunja)

  1. to break, demolish, damage, smash
    kuvunja ahadi ― to break a promise
    kuvunja rekodi ― to break a record
  2. to frustrate, discourage, disappoint

Conjugation
Conjugation of -vunja
Positive present -navunja
Subjunctive -vunje
Negative -vunji
Imperative singular vunja
Infinitives
Positive kuvunja
Negative kutovunja
Imperatives
Singular vunja
Plural vunjeni
Tensed forms
Habitual huvunja
Positive past positive subject concord + -livunja
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuvunja
Positive present (positive subject concord + -navunja)
Singular Plural
1st person ninavunja/navunja tunavunja
2nd person unavunja mnavunja
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anavunja wanavunja
other classes positive subject concord + -navunja
Negative present (negative subject concord + -vunji)
Singular Plural
1st person sivunji hatuvunji
2nd person huvunji hamvunji
3rd person m-wa(I/II) havunji hawavunji
other classes negative subject concord + -vunji
Positive future positive subject concord + -tavunja
Negative future negative subject concord + -tavunja
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -vunje)
Singular Plural
1st person nivunje tuvunje
2nd person uvunje mvunje
3rd person m-wa(I/II) avunje wavunje
other classes positive subject concord + -vunje
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sivunje
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngevunja
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singevunja
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalivunja
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalivunja
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -avunja)
Singular Plural
1st person navunja twavunja
2nd person wavunja mwavunja
3rd person m-wa(I/II) avunja wavunja
m-mi(III/IV) wavunja yavunja
ji-ma(V/VI) lavunja yavunja
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chavunja vyavunja
n(IX/X) yavunja zavunja
u(XI) wavunja see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwavunja
pa(XVI) pavunja
mu(XVIII) mwavunja
Perfect positive subject concord + -mevunja
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshavunja
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -javunja
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kivunja
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipovunja
Consecutive kavunja / positive subject concord + -kavunja
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kavunje
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nivunja -tuvunja
2nd person -kuvunja -wavunja/-kuvunjeni/-wavunjeni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mvunja -wavunja
m-mi(III/IV) -uvunja -ivunja
ji-ma(V/VI) -livunja -yavunja
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kivunja -vivunja
n(IX/X) -ivunja -zivunja
u(XI) -uvunja see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kuvunja
pa(XVI) -pavunja
mu(XVIII) -muvunja
Reflexive -jivunja
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -vunja- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -vunjaye -vunjao
m-mi(III/IV) -vunjao -vunjayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -vunjalo -vunjayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -vunjacho -vunjavyo
n(IX/X) -vunjayo -vunjazo
u(XI) -vunjao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -vunjako
pa(XVI) -vunjapo
mu(XVIII) -vunjamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -vunja)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yevunja -ovunja
m-mi(III/IV) -ovunja -yovunja
ji-ma(V/VI) -lovunja -yovunja
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chovunja -vyovunja
n(IX/X) -yovunja -zovunja
u(XI) -ovunja see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kovunja
pa(XVI) -povunja
mu(XVIII) -movunja
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms
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