trux

Latin

Etymology

Of unclear origin.

De Vaan prefers to connect the word to Proto-Celtic *drukos (“bad”), assuming a sound change from Proto-Indo-European *dr- > Latin tr-. However, this assumes that the Celtic form derives from a Proto-Indo-European root starting with *dr- (instead of a different consonant cluster like *dʰr-), which is far from certain.[1]

An alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *truḱ-, a metathesis of *turḱ-, zero-grade of *twerḱ- (“to cut”). In this case, cognate with Ancient Greek σάρξ (sárx), Old Irish tru, troich (“fated to die”) and others in Sanskrit and Hittite.[2]

Pronunciation

Adjective

trux (genitive trucis, comparative trucior, superlative trucissimus, adverb truciter); third-declension one-termination adjective

  1. wild, rough, harsh, savage, fierce, ferocious
    Synonyms: ferōx, atrōx, violēns, immānis, efferus, ferus, crūdēlis, barbaricus, silvāticus, ācer, acerbus, sevērus
    Antonyms: mītis, tranquillus, misericors, placidus, quietus, clemens
  2. grim, stern

Declension

Third-declension one-termination adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masc./Fem. Neuter Masc./Fem. Neuter
Nominative trux trucēs trucia
Genitive trucis trucium
Dative trucī trucibus
Accusative trucem trux trucēs trucia
Ablative trucī
truce		 trucibus
Vocative trux trucēs trucia

Derived terms

Descendants
  • → Italian: truce

References
  1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 631
  2. Partridge, Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English

Maltese
Root
t-r-x
4 terms

Etymology

From Arabic. The Maltese plural directly continues طُرْش (ṭurš), plural of أَطْرَش (ʔaṭraš). The singular might go back to an intensive/frequentative form *طَرُوش (*ṭarūš) or might be a backformation from truxija (“deafness”). There is also a possibility of Aramaic influence; compare Mandaic [script needed] (ṭrūš, ṭarūš, “deaf”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /truːʃ/

Adjective

trux (feminine singular truxa, plural torox, diminutive trajjax or trajjex)

  1. deaf
    Synonym: turxan
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.