tanít
See also: Tanit
Hungarian
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic *tuna- (“to get used to, to learn”) + -ít (causative suffix).[1][2] Cognates include Moksha and Erzya тонадомс (tonadoms, “to get used to, to learn”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈtɒniːt]
- Hyphenation: ta‧nít
- Rhymes: -iːt
Verb
tanít
- (transitive) to teach (to pass on knowledge to)
- 1937 April 11, Attila József, Születésnapomra (“For My Birthday”), translated by Péter Zollman:[3]
- Én egész népemet fogom / nem középiskolás fokon / taní- / tani!
- I’ll teach my nation, one and all, / much greater things than what you call / college / knowledge.
- 1937 April 11, Attila József, Születésnapomra (“For My Birthday”), translated by Péter Zollman:[3]
- (transitive) to teach (to cause to learn or understand)
- (intransitive) to teach (to act as a teacher)
- 2012 July 10, Márton Simó, “Alfabéták”, in Udvarhelyi Híradó, volume 23, number 130, page 2:
- Egy időben olyan helyen tanítottam, ahol nem volt nagy becsülete az iskolának és annak a tudásnak sem, amit ott csepegtetnek az emberi lelkekbe.
- At one point, I taught in a place where there was little respect for schools or the knowledge they instill in people’s souls there.
Usage notes
In the sense ’to pass on knowledge to’, the most common argument structure is the accusative for the subject (the field of teaching) and the dative (-nak/-nek) for the recipients (the people being instructed). However, the subject (the field of teaching) can also take -ra/-re if the recipients are specified with the accusative:
- Angolt tanítok a gyerekeknek ― I teach the children English. → (alternative translation) I teach English to the children.
- Angolra tanítom a gyerekeket. ― I teach the children English. → (alternative translation) I teach the children about English.
Conjugation
conjugation of tanít
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | tanítok | tanítasz | tanít | tanítunk | tanítotok | tanítanak | |
Def. | tanítom | tanítod | tanítja | tanítjuk | tanítjátok | tanítják | |||
2nd-p. o. | tanítalak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | tanítottam | tanítottál | tanított | tanítottunk | tanítottatok | tanítottak | ||
Def. | tanítottam | tanítottad | tanította | tanítottuk | tanítottátok | tanították | |||
2nd-p. o. | tanítottalak | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. tanítani fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | taníték | tanítál | taníta | tanítánk | tanítátok | tanítának | ||
Def. | tanítám | tanítád | tanítá | tanítánk | tanítátok | taníták | |||
2nd-p. o. | tanítálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. tanít vala, tanított vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | tanítandok | tanítandasz | tanítand | tanítandunk | tanítandotok | tanítandanak | ||
Def. | tanítandom | tanítandod | tanítandja | tanítandjuk | tanítandjátok | tanítandják | |||
2nd-p. o. | tanítandalak | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | tanítanék | tanítanál | tanítana | tanítanánk | tanítanátok | tanítanának | |
Def. | tanítanám | tanítanád | tanítaná | tanítanánk (or tanítanók) |
tanítanátok | tanítanák | |||
2nd-p. o. | tanítanálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. tanított volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | tanítsak | taníts or tanítsál |
tanítson | tanítsunk | tanítsatok | tanítsanak | |
Def. | tanítsam | tanítsd or tanítsad |
tanítsa | tanítsuk | tanítsátok | tanítsák | |||
2nd-p. o. | tanítsalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. tanított légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | tanítani | tanítanom | tanítanod | tanítania | tanítanunk | tanítanotok | tanítaniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
tanítás | tanító | tanított | tanítandó | tanítva (tanítván) | taníttat | ||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of tanít
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | taníthatok | taníthatsz | taníthat | taníthatunk | taníthattok | taníthatnak | |
Def. | taníthatom | taníthatod | taníthatja | taníthatjuk | taníthatjátok | taníthatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | taníthatlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | taníthattam | taníthattál | taníthatott | taníthattunk | taníthattatok | taníthattak | ||
Def. | taníthattam | taníthattad | taníthatta | taníthattuk | taníthattátok | taníthatták | |||
2nd-p. o. | taníthattalak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | taníthaték | taníthatál | taníthata | taníthatánk | taníthatátok | taníthatának | ||
Def. | taníthatám | taníthatád | taníthatá | taníthatánk | taníthatátok | taníthaták | |||
2nd-p. o. | taníthatálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. taníthat vala, taníthatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | taníthatandok or tanítandhatok |
taníthatandasz or tanítandhatsz |
taníthatand or tanítandhat |
taníthatandunk or tanítandhatunk |
taníthatandotok or tanítandhattok |
taníthatandanak or tanítandhatnak | ||
Def. | taníthatandom or tanítandhatom |
taníthatandod or tanítandhatod |
taníthatandja or tanítandhatja |
taníthatandjuk or tanítandhatjuk |
taníthatandjátok or tanítandhatjátok |
taníthatandják or tanítandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | taníthatandalak or tanítandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | taníthatnék | taníthatnál | taníthatna | taníthatnánk | taníthatnátok | taníthatnának | |
Def. | taníthatnám | taníthatnád | taníthatná | taníthatnánk (or taníthatnók) |
taníthatnátok | taníthatnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | taníthatnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. taníthatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | taníthassak | taníthass or taníthassál |
taníthasson | taníthassunk | taníthassatok | taníthassanak | |
Def. | taníthassam | taníthasd or taníthassad |
taníthassa | taníthassuk | taníthassátok | taníthassák | |||
2nd-p. o. | taníthassalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. taníthatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (taníthatni) | (taníthatnom) | (taníthatnod) | (taníthatnia) | (taníthatnunk) | (taníthatnotok) | (taníthatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | tanítható | Neg. adj. | taníthatatlan | Adv. part. | (taníthatva / taníthatván) | ||||
Derived terms
(With verbal prefixes):
- betanít
- eltanít
- kitanít
- megtanít
Expressions
- móresre tanít
Related terms
References
- Entry #1078 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- tanít in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- In Quest of the Miracle Stag, The Poetry of Hungary, 2000
Further reading
- tanít in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
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