tahan
English
Pronunciation
- (Singapore) IPA(key): /ˈta.han/, [ˈta˧.han˦]
Verb
tahan (invariable)
- (colloquial, Malaysia, Singapore) To endure; to bear.
- 2017, Wong Kim Hoh, It Changed My Life: What Tan Swie Hian wants - a free mind, The Sunday Times:
- "Many local artists cannot tahan me," he says, using the Malay word for "tolerate". "If you live next to Picasso, can you tahan or not?"
- 2017, Zhangxin Zheng, Here’s why you shouldn’t be alarmed by pictures of “flooding” in Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park, Mothership.sg
- The 3.2km meandering naturalised river at Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park used to be a 2.7 km long straight concrete Kallang channel in the past, which would not otherwise have been able to tahan as much rainwater as it now does.
- 2017, 8 Things Malaysians Immediately Do When They Get a New Car... Which One Have You Done?, CILISOS (Current Issues Tambah Pedas)
- If you’re buying a new car, especially a better one than your previous, it’s gonna be able to tahan your need for speed. Step on the pedal only la, why so kancheong?
Derived terms
Estonian
Indonesian
Etymology
From Malay tahan, from Classical Malay تاهن (tahan), from Proto-Malayic *tahən, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqan (“to hold back, to keep in reserve”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtahan/, [ˈt̪a.han]
- Hyphenation: ta‧han
- Rhymes: -han, -an, -n
Hyponyms
- tahan air
- tahan api
- tahan banting
- tahan besi
- tahan cuaca
- tahan cuci
- tahan gelombang
- tahan harga
- tahan hati
- tahan hidup
- tahan hina
- tahan karat
- tahan kias
- tahan lama
- tahan lapar
- tahan lasak
- tahan malu
- tahan ombak
- tahan palu
- tahan peluru
- tahan pukul
- tahan sabar
- tahan sesah
- tahan tangan
- tahan tapa
- tahan turut
- tahan uji
Derived terms
- bertahan
- bertahan-tahan
- kebertahanan
- ketahanan
- mempertahankan
- menahan
- menahani
- menahankan
- pemertahanan
- penahan
- penahanan
- pertahanan
- tahanan
- tertahan
- tertahan-tahan
- tertahankan
Further reading
- “tahan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Malay
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ta.han/, [ˈt̪ähän]
- Hyphenation: ta‧han
- Rhymes: -han, -an
Etymology 1
From Proto-Malayic *tahən, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqan (“to hold back, to keep in reserve”).
Verb
tahan (Jawi spelling تاهن)
- to endure, to bear, to withstand, to resist
- tahan lapar ― to endure hunger
- tahan sakit ― to endure the pain
- to be lasting, to be persisting (in)
- to be sufficient (for a certain period)
- (of an object) to be firm, to be strong
- (of a disease) to improve, to be on the mend
Derived terms
Regular affixed derivations:
- bertahan (“to be holding fast to”) [stative / habitual] (beR-)
- dipertahankan (“to be persisted”) [causative passive + patient focus + causative benefactive] (peR- + di- + -kan)
- pertahan (“to be held back”) [causative passive] (peR-)
- pertahani (“to be controlled”) [causative passive + causative (locative) benefactive] (peR- + -i)
- pertahankan (“to be endured”) [causative passive + causative benefactive] (peR- + -kan)
- ketahanan (“defensiveness; durability”) [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
- memertahankan (“to maintain; to preserve”) [causative passive + agent focus + causative benefactive] (peR- + meN- + -kan)
- menahan (“to block; to hold back”) [agent focus] (meN-)
- menahani (“to block; to control”) [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
- menahankan (“to make something durable”) [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
- penahan (“defender”) [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
- penahanan (“defending; controlling”) [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
- pertahan (“defence”) [causative passive] (peR-)
- tahanan (“hindrance; obstacle”) [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
- tahankan (“to cause something or someone to block”) [causative benefactive] (-kan)
- tertahan (“to be able to block”) [agentless action] (teR-)
- tertahani (“to be controllable”) [agentless action + causative (locative) benefactive] (teR- + -i)
- tertahan-tahan (“(already be) off and on; disjointed(ly)”) [reduplication + agentless action] (redup + teR-)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqan, *taqən, from Proto-Austronesian *taqan (“to set a trap, to set a snare”).
Verb
tahan (Jawi spelling تاهن)
Derived terms
Regular affixed derivations:
- tertahan (“(already be) cast a net”) [agentless action] (teR-)
Noun
tahan (Jawi spelling تاهن, plural tahan-tahan, informal 1st possessive tahanku, 2nd possessive tahanmu, 3rd possessive tahannya)
Further reading
- “tahan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Tagalog
Etymology 1
Possibly borrowed from Malay tahan (“holding out against; resistance; restraint; to sustain”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqan (“to hold back, to keep in reserve”).[1] Possible doublet of taan.
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog)
- IPA(key): /ˈtahan/ [ˈta.hɐn], /taˈhan/ [tɐˈhan] (noun, interjection)
- Rhymes: -ahan, -an
- IPA(key): /taˈhan/ [tɐˈhan] (adjective)
- Rhymes: -an
- IPA(key): /ˈtahan/ [ˈta.hɐn], /taˈhan/ [tɐˈhan] (noun, interjection)
- Syllabification: ta‧han
Noun
tahan or tahán (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜑᜈ᜔)
Derived terms
- itahan
- magpatahan
- magtahan
- makapagpatahan
- pagtahan
- patahanin
- tumahan
Interjection
tahan or tahán (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜑᜈ᜔)
Adjective
tahán (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜑᜈ᜔)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tahan (“abode, place of residence”), from a metathesis of Proto-Austronesian *taNaS (“village; place of residence”).[2]
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈtahan/ [ˈta.hɐn], /taˈhan/ [tɐˈhan]
- Rhymes: -ahan, -an
- Syllabification: ta‧han
Noun
tahan or tahán (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜑᜈ᜔)
Derived terms
- haligi ng tahanan
- ilaw ng tahanan
- itahan
- magpatahan
- makapagpatahan
- manahan
- matatahanan
- pagtahan
- pagtahan
- panahanan
- pananahanan
- pantahanan
- patahanan
- patahanin
- patahanin
- tahanan
- tumahan
References
- Blust, Robert, Trussel, Stephen (2010–) “bear, endure”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
- Blust, Robert, Trussel, Stephen (2010–) “*taNaS”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
Further reading
- “tahan”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018