supplicium

Latin

Etymology

From supplex (“kneeling, begging, suppliant”) (oblique stem supplic-) +‎ -ium.

Pronunciation

Noun

supplicium n (genitive suppliciī or supplicī); second declension

  1. kneeling, supplication, an humble entreaty or petition
    Synonyms: postulātum, supplicātiō, petītiō, rogātiō, precātiō, prex
  2. punishment
    Synonyms: pūnītiō, mercēs, poena, sanctio, vindicātiō, exemplum, pretium, vindicta, malum, animadversus
  3. suffering
  4. torture
    Synonyms: cruciātus, exemplum
  5. offering to the gods
    • Sallust (Catilinae Coniuratio)
      In suppliciis deorum magnifici [...] erant.
      They were generous in their offerings to the gods.

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative supplicium supplicia
Genitive suppliciī
supplicī1		 suppliciōrum
Dative suppliciō suppliciīs
Accusative supplicium supplicia
Ablative suppliciō suppliciīs
Vocative supplicium supplicia

1Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

Descendants
  • → French: supplice
  • → Italian: supplizio
  • Portuguese: suplício
  • → Spanish: suplicio

References
  • “supplicium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “supplicium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • supplicium in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • supplicium in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to expiate a crime by punishment: scelus supplicio expiare
    • to exact a penalty from some one: supplicium sumere de aliquo
    • to decree the penalty of death: supplicium alicui decernere, in aliquem constituere
    • to execute the death-sentence on a person: supplicium sumere de aliquo
    • to suffer capital punishment: supplicio (capitis) affici
  • “supplicium”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
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