spiritus

From Latin spīritus. Doublet of spirit, sprite, and esprit.

spiritus (plural spirituses or spiritus)

1. A breathing.
2. An aspirate.
3. Any spirituous preparation.

Derived from Latin spīritus, from or related to spīrō.

• IPA^(key): [ˈspɪrɪtus]

spiritus m inan

1. ethanol

• spiritus in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• spiritus in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
• spiritus in Akademický slovník cizích slov, 1995, at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz

From Latin spīritus (“breath; spirit”).

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spiritus m (plural spiritussen or spiritus, diminutive spiritusje n) (in sense 2)

1. methylated spirit

   Synonym: brandspiritus

2. (orthography) A kind of diacritic used on Ancient Greek vowels to indicate aspiration or lack thereof. See spiritus asper and spiritus lenis.

• → Indonesian: spiritus (“methylated spirit”)
• → Papiamentu: spíritùs

From Dutch spiritus, from Latin spīritus (“breath; spirit”). Doublet of spirit.

• IPA^(key): [spiˈrɪt̪ʊs]
• Hyphenation: spi‧ri‧tus

spiritus (plural spiritus-spiritus, first-person possessive spiritusku, second-person possessive spiritusmu, third-person possessive spiritusnya)

1. methylated spirit.

• seperitus, sepiritus

• “spiritus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

From spīrō (“I breathe; I blow, exhale, emit; I respire; I live; I am inspired; I show, express”) +‎ -tus.

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈspiː.ri.tus/, [ˈs̠piːrɪt̪ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈspi.ri.tus/, [ˈspiːrit̪us]

spīritus m (genitive spīritūs); fourth declension

1. air, breath, breathing

   Synonyms: spīrātiō, anima

   • 1833, Classicorum auctorum e Vaticanicis codicibus editorum tomus V., Rome, page 595:

     Spīritūs sunt duo dasia et psile.

     There are two breathings [in Ancient Greek]: rough and smooth.

2. light breeze
3. spirit, ghost
   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.1.2:

     Terra autem erat inānis et vacua, et tenebrae erant super faciem abyssī: et spīritus Deī ferēbātur super aquās.

     And the earth was void and empty, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the spirit of God moved over the waters.

4. mind
   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.29.11:

     tōtum spīritum suum prōfert stultus sapiēns differt et reservat in posterum

     A fool uttereth all his mind: a wise man deferreth, and keepeth it till afterwards. (trans. Douay-Rheims Bible)

5. energy; courage

   Synonyms: virtūs, fortitūdō, fīdūcia, animus

6. pride, haughtiness, arrogance

   Synonyms: superbia, arrogantia

Fourth-declension noun.

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “spīritus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 12: Sk–š, page 195
• Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911) “spiritus”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German)

• “spiritus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “spiritus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• spiritus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• spiritus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1468.
• spiritus in Georges, Karl Ernst, Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918) Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 2, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, column 2764
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to breathe, live: animam, spiritum ducere
    
  • to breathe the air: aera spiritu ducere
    
  • to suffocate a person: spiritum intercludere alicui
    
  • to give up the ghost: extremum vitae spiritum edere
    
  • inspired: divino quodam spiritu inflatus or tactus
    
  • to be haughty: magnos spiritus sibi sumere (B. G. 1. 33)
    
  • to lower a person's pride: spiritus alicuius reprimere
    
  • patrician arrogance; pride of caste: spiritus patricii (Liv. 4. 42)
    
  • to assume a despotic tone: regios spiritus sibi sumere
    
  • to destroy a despotism, tyranny: regios spiritus reprimere (Nep. Dion. 5. 5)