sobrius

Latin

Etymology

From sē- (“without”) +‎ ēbrius (“intoxicated”) "sōbrius" instead of "sēbrius" almost certainly because of Proto-Italic: *swē. Compare: Latin: sodalis, Latin: socors

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈsoː.bri.us/, [ˈs̠oːbriʊs̠]

(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈso.bri.us/, [ˈsɔːbrius]

Adjective

sōbrius (feminine sōbria, neuter sōbrium); first/second-declension adjective

sober (not drunk)
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.785:
  Ecce suburbānā rediēns male sōbrius aede
  See! [Someone] barely sober, returning from the suburban shrine, [...].
  (That is, someone having drank wine at the June festival of Fors Fortuna.)

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Number	Singular			Plural
Nominative	sōbrius	sōbria	sōbrium	sōbriī	sōbriae	sōbria
Genitive	sōbriī	sōbriae	sōbriī	sōbriōrum	sōbriārum	sōbriōrum
Dative	sōbriō	sōbriae	sōbriō	sōbriīs
Accusative	sōbrium	sōbriam	sōbrium	sōbriōs	sōbriās	sōbria
Ablative	sōbriō	sōbriā	sōbriō	sōbriīs
Vocative	sōbrie	sōbria	sōbrium	sōbriī	sōbriae	sōbria

Descendants

Catalan: sobri
Old French: sobre
- → Dutch: sober
- → English: sober
- French: sobre
Italian: sobrio
Portuguese: sóbrio
Romanian: sobru
Spanish: sobrio
→ Proto-West Germanic: *sūbrī (see there for further descendants)

References

“sobrius”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“sobrius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
sobrius in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
sobrius in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

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