simama

Swahili

Etymology

Originally a static extension, ultimately from Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ma.

Pronunciation
  • Audio (Kenya)(file)

Verb

-simama (infinitive kusimama)

  1. to stand
  2. to be steady, be still
  3. to stop

Conjugation
Conjugation of -simama
Positive present -nasimama
Subjunctive -simame
Negative -simami
Imperative singular simama
Infinitives
Positive kusimama
Negative kutosimama
Imperatives
Singular simama
Plural simameni
Tensed forms
Habitual husimama
Positive past positive subject concord + -lisimama
Negative past negative subject concord + -kusimama
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nasimama)
Singular Plural
1st person ninasimama/nasimama tunasimama
2nd person unasimama mnasimama
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anasimama wanasimama
other classes positive subject concord + -nasimama
Negative present (negative subject concord + -simami)
Singular Plural
1st person sisimami hatusimami
2nd person husimami hamsimami
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hasimami hawasimami
other classes negative subject concord + -simami
Positive future positive subject concord + -tasimama
Negative future negative subject concord + -tasimama
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -simame)
Singular Plural
1st person nisimame tusimame
2nd person usimame msimame
3rd person m-wa(I/II) asimame wasimame
other classes positive subject concord + -simame
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sisimame
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngesimama
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singesimama
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalisimama
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalisimama
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -asimama)
Singular Plural
1st person nasimama twasimama
2nd person wasimama mwasimama
3rd person m-wa(I/II) asimama wasimama
m-mi(III/IV) wasimama yasimama
ji-ma(V/VI) lasimama yasimama
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chasimama vyasimama
n(IX/X) yasimama zasimama
u(XI) wasimama see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwasimama
pa(XVI) pasimama
mu(XVIII) mwasimama
Perfect positive subject concord + -mesimama
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshasimama
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jasimama
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kisimama
"If not" positive subject concord + -siposimama
Consecutive kasimama / positive subject concord + -kasimama
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kasimame
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nisimama -tusimama
2nd person -kusimama -wasimama/-kusimameni/-wasimameni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -msimama -wasimama
m-mi(III/IV) -usimama -isimama
ji-ma(V/VI) -lisimama -yasimama
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kisimama -visimama
n(IX/X) -isimama -zisimama
u(XI) -usimama see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kusimama
pa(XVI) -pasimama
mu(XVIII) -musimama
Reflexive -jisimama
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -simama- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -simamaye -simamao
m-mi(III/IV) -simamao -simamayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -simamalo -simamayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -simamacho -simamavyo
n(IX/X) -simamayo -simamazo
u(XI) -simamao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -simamako
pa(XVI) -simamapo
mu(XVIII) -simamamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -simama)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yesimama -osimama
m-mi(III/IV) -osimama -yosimama
ji-ma(V/VI) -losimama -yosimama
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chosimama -vyosimama
n(IX/X) -yosimama -zosimama
u(XI) -osimama see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kosimama
pa(XVI) -posimama
mu(XVIII) -mosimama
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms
  • Nominal derivations:
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