shindana

Swahili

Pronunciation
  • Audio (Kenya)(file)

Verb

-shindana (infinitive kushindana)

  1. Reciprocal form of -shinda: to compete, contend

Conjugation
Conjugation of -shindana
Positive present -nashindana
Subjunctive -shindane
Negative -shindani
Imperative singular shindana
Infinitives
Positive kushindana
Negative kutoshindana
Imperatives
Singular shindana
Plural shindaneni
Tensed forms
Habitual hushindana
Positive past positive subject concord + -lishindana
Negative past negative subject concord + -kushindana
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashindana)
Singular Plural
1st person ninashindana/nashindana tunashindana
2nd person unashindana mnashindana
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anashindana wanashindana
other classes positive subject concord + -nashindana
Negative present (negative subject concord + -shindani)
Singular Plural
1st person sishindani hatushindani
2nd person hushindani hamshindani
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hashindani hawashindani
other classes negative subject concord + -shindani
Positive future positive subject concord + -tashindana
Negative future negative subject concord + -tashindana
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shindane)
Singular Plural
1st person nishindane tushindane
2nd person ushindane mshindane
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashindane washindane
other classes positive subject concord + -shindane
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sishindane
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeshindana
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeshindana
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalishindana
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalishindana
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashindana)
Singular Plural
1st person nashindana twashindana
2nd person washindana mwashindana
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashindana washindana
m-mi(III/IV) washindana yashindana
ji-ma(V/VI) lashindana yashindana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chashindana vyashindana
n(IX/X) yashindana zashindana
u(XI) washindana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwashindana
pa(XVI) pashindana
mu(XVIII) mwashindana
Perfect positive subject concord + -meshindana
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshashindana
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jashindana
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kishindana
"If not" positive subject concord + -siposhindana
Consecutive kashindana / positive subject concord + -kashindana
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kashindane
Object concord —
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + -shindana- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -shindanaye -shindanao
m-mi(III/IV) -shindanao -shindanayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -shindanalo -shindanayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -shindanacho -shindanavyo
n(IX/X) -shindanayo -shindanazo
u(XI) -shindanao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -shindanako
pa(XVI) -shindanapo
mu(XVIII) -shindanamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -shindana)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yeshindana -oshindana
m-mi(III/IV) -oshindana -yoshindana
ji-ma(V/VI) -loshindana -yoshindana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choshindana -vyoshindana
n(IX/X) -yoshindana -zoshindana
u(XI) -oshindana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -koshindana
pa(XVI) -poshindana
mu(XVIII) -moshindana
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

See also
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