risti
See also: rišti
Estonian
Etymology 1
Derived from rist.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈrisːʲti/
Etymology 2
Derived from the genitive of rist.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈristi/
Declension
| Declension of risti (ÕS type 16/pere, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | risti | ristid | |
| accusative | nom. | ||
| gen. | risti | ||
| genitive | ristide | ||
| partitive | ristit | ristisid | |
| illative | ristisse | ristidesse | |
| inessive | ristis | ristides | |
| elative | ristist | ristidest | |
| allative | ristile | ristidele | |
| adessive | ristil | ristidel | |
| ablative | ristilt | ristidelt | |
| translative | ristiks | ristideks | |
| terminative | ristini | ristideni | |
| essive | ristina | ristidena | |
| abessive | ristita | ristideta | |
| comitative | ristiga | ristidega | |
Finnish
FWOTD – 18 April 2020
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈristi/, [ˈris̠ti]
- Rhymes: -isti
- Syllabification(key): ris‧ti
Etymology 1
risti (“cross”)
risti (“clubs”)
Borrowed from Old East Slavic крьстъ (krĭstŭ, “cross”).
Further etymology
- Further from Proto-Slavic *krьstъ, from Old High German Krist, from Ancient Greek Χριστός (Khristós, “Christ”, literally “anointed”), thus distantly related to Kristus.
- Related to Estonian rist and Livonian rišt.
- The sense "clubs (card suit)" is a semantic loan from German Kreuz (as are Czech kříž, Russian кре́сти (krésti)), probably named so due to the shape's similarity to that of a cross (particularly the Greek cross and/or the cross pattée).
Noun
risti
- cross (shape)
- (Christianity) cross, crucifix
- Synonym: krusifiksi
- cross (execution device)
- Synonym: ristinpuu
- (typography) dagger (†)
- (Christianity) cross, crucifix
- (card games) clubs, club
- (music, informal) sharp (symbol ♯ in notation)
- Synonyms: ylennysmerkki, ylennys (informal), korotusmerkki (rare)
- (anatomy) Clipping of ristiselkä (“small of the back”, of animals).
Usage notes
risti typically refers to a horizontal cross (+). For the tilted symbol (x), see rasti and its synonyms.
Declension
| Inflection of risti (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | risti | ristit | ||
| genitive | ristin | ristien | ||
| partitive | ristiä | ristejä | ||
| illative | ristiin | risteihin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | risti | ristit | ||
| accusative | nom. | risti | ristit | |
| gen. | ristin | |||
| genitive | ristin | ristien | ||
| partitive | ristiä | ristejä | ||
| inessive | ristissä | risteissä | ||
| elative | rististä | risteistä | ||
| illative | ristiin | risteihin | ||
| adessive | ristillä | risteillä | ||
| ablative | ristiltä | risteiltä | ||
| allative | ristille | risteille | ||
| essive | ristinä | risteinä | ||
| translative | ristiksi | risteiksi | ||
| abessive | ristittä | risteittä | ||
| instructive | — | ristein | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
| Possessive forms of risti (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
compounds
- alttariristi
- ansioristi
- aurinkoristi
- eturistiside
- haarukkaristi
- haaruristi
- hakaristi
- hautaristi
- joukkoristiside
- jouluristi
- kahvaristi
- kaksoisristi
- kaksoisristikirkko
- kasteristi
- kulkueristi
- käsiristi
- maltanristi
- Mannerheim-risti
- muistoristi
- näköhermoristi
- piispanristi
- puuristi
- rautaristi
- rintaristi
- ristiaallokko
- ristiakka
- ristiallergia
- ristiaskel
- ristibarbi
- ristidipoli
- ristihermo
- ristiholvi
- ristihuuli
- ristihyppely
- ristihämähäkki
- ristiinajo
- ristiinnaulinta
- ristiinnaulita
- ristiinomistus
- ristiinpukeutuminen
- ristiintaulukointi
- ristiinäänestys
- risti-istunta
- ristijousi
- ristijousto
- Ristijärvi
- ristijätkä
- ristikakkonen
- ristikantaruuvi
- ristikappale
- ristikasi
- ristikirkko
- ristikivi
- ristikoe
- ristikolmonen
- ristikontra
- ristikorrelaatio
- ristikortti
- ristikukkainen
- ristikulma
- ristikuningas
- ristikuningatar
- ristikunkku
- ristikurko
- ristikuulustella
- ristikuulustelu
- ristikuutonen
- ristikuva
- ristikuvaus
- ristikuvio
- ristikymppi
- ristikärkitaltta
- ristilaukka
- ristilimitys
- ristilukki
- Ristiluoma
- ristiluu
- ristimitta
- Ristimäki
- ristinelonen
- Ristiniemi
- ristinikama
- ristinivel
- ristinkuolema
- ristinmerkki
- ristinmuotoinen
- ristinokka
- ristinolla
- ristinpuu
- ristinpäivä
- ristintie
- ristiohjain
- ristiote
- ristipaine
- ristipisto
- ristipurenta
- ristipää
- ristipääty
- ristipölytteinen
- ristipölytys
- ristiretki
- ristiriipunta
- ristiriita
- ristiritari
- ristirouva
- ristisaastuminen
- ristisaatto
- ristisana
- ristiseiska
- ristiselkä
- ristiside
- ristisidonta
- ristisidos
- ristisiitos
- ristisiittoinen
- ristisorsa
- ristisotamies
- ristisotilas
- ristisyöttö
- ristitaltta
- ristitaulukko
- ristiteritys
- ristituli
- ristitulo
- ristitulosuhde
- ristiturpa
- ristiura
- ristiuraruuvi
- ristivaihto
- ristivaikutus
- ristivalottaa
- ristivaneri
- ristiverinen
- ristiveto
- ristiviite
- ristiviittaus
- ristiviivoitus
- ristivitonen
- ristivyö
- ristiysi
- ristiässä
- siniristi
- suurristi
- tuomaanristi
- vapaudenristi
- vihkimäristi
- vihkiristi
- vinoristi
- yrjönristi
Related terms
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Further reading
- “risti”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Verb
risti
- inflection of ristiä:
- third-person singular past indicative
- present active indicative connegative
- second-person singular present imperative
- second-person singular present active imperative connegative
References
- Kallio, Petri (2006). On the Earliest Slavic Loanwords in Finnic. In Slavica Helsingiensia 27. Helsinki. →ISBN.
Anagrams
Ingrian
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Risti (1).
Rissit (2).
Etymology
From Old East Slavic крьстъ (krĭstŭ), from Proto-Slavic *krьstъ. Cognates include Finnish risti and Estonian rist.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈristi/, [ˈris̠tʲ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈristi/, [ˈriʃti]
- Rhymes: -istʲ, -isti
- Hyphenation: ris‧ti
Declension
| Declension of risti (type 5/vahti, st-ss gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | risti | rissit |
| genitive | rissin | ristiin, ristilöin |
| partitive | ristiä | ristijä, ristilöjä |
| illative | ristii | ristii, ristilöihe |
| inessive | rissiis | ristiis, ristilöis |
| elative | rissist | ristiist, ristilöist |
| allative | rissille | ristiille, ristilöille |
| adessive | rissiil | ristiil, ristilöil |
| ablative | rissilt | ristiilt, ristilöilt |
| translative | rissiks | ristiiks, ristilöiks |
| essive | ristinnä, ristiin | ristiinnä, ristilöinnä, ristiin, ristilöin |
| exessive1) | ristint | ristiint, ristilöint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
Derived terms
Karelian
| North Karelian (Viena) |
risti |
|---|---|
| South Karelian (Tver) |
risti |
Etymology
Ultimately from Old East Slavic крьстъ (krĭstŭ). Cognates include Finnish risti and Estonian rist.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈrisʲtʲi/
- Hyphenation: ris‧ti
Declension
| Viena Karelian declension of risti (type 2/risti, st-ss gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | risti | rissit | |
| genitive | rissin | ristien | |
| partitive | ristie | ristijä | |
| illative | ristih | ristilöih | |
| inessive | rississä | ristilöissä | |
| elative | rissistä | ristilöistä | |
| adessive | rissillä | ristilöillä | |
| ablative | rissiltä | ristilöiltä | |
| translative | rissiksi | ristilöiksi | |
| essive | ristinä | ristilöinä | |
| comitative | — | ristilöineh | |
| abessive | rissittä | ristilöittä | |
| Tver Karelian declension of risti (type 2/risti, st-ss gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | risti | rissit | |
| genitive | rissin | ristilöin | |
| partitive | ristie | ristilöidä | |
| illative | ristih | ristilöih | |
| inessive | rississä | ristilöissä | |
| elative | rissistä | ristilöistä | |
| adessive | rissillä | ristilöillä | |
| ablative | rissildä | ristilöildä | |
| translative | rissiksi | ristilöiksi | |
| essive | ristinä | ristilöinä | |
| comitative | rissinke | ristilöinke | |
| abessive | rissittä | ristilöittä | |
| Possessive forms of risti | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | ristini | |
| 2nd person | ristis | |
| 3rd person | ristih | |
| *) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses. | ||
References
- A. V. Punzhina (1994) “ris't'i”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
- P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) “крест”, in Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN
Lithuanian
Etymology
Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Hreth₂- (“to roll, run”), see also ratas (“wheel”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrátʰas (“chariot”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈrʲɪsʲtʲɪ]
Conjugation
Conjugation of risti
| singular (vienaskaita) |
plural (daugiskaita) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) |
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | |||
| aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
| indicative (tiesioginė nuosaka) |
present (esamasis laikas) |
ritu | riti | rita | ritame, ritam |
ritate, ritat |
rita | |
| past (būtasis kartinis laikas) |
ritau | ritai | rito | ritome, ritom |
ritote, ritot |
rito | ||
| past frequentative (būtasis dažninis laikas) |
risdavau | risdavai | risdavo | risdavome, risdavom |
risdavote, risdavot |
risdavo | ||
| future (būsimasis laikas) |
risiu | risi | riss | risime, risim |
risite, risit |
riss | ||
| subjunctive (tariamoji nuosaka) |
risčiau | ristum, ristumei |
ristų | ristumėme, ristumėm, ristume |
ristumėte, ristumėt |
ristų | ||
| imperative (liepiamoji nuosaka) |
— | risk, riski |
terita, teritie |
riskime, riskim |
riskite, riskit |
terita, teritie | ||
Participles of risti
| Adjectival (dalyviai) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| active | passive | ||
| present | ritąs, ritantis | ritamas | |
| past | ritęs | ristas | |
| past frequentative | risdavęs | — | |
| future | risiąs, risiantis | risimas | |
| participle of necessity | — | ristinas | |
| Adverbial | |||
| special (pusdalyvis) | risdamas | ||
| half-participle (padalyviai) |
present | ritant | |
| past | ritus | ||
| past frequentative | risdavus | ||
| future | risiant | ||
| manner of action (būdinys) | riste, ristinai | ||
Derived terms
verbs derived from risti
- (reflexive) ristis
- išristi
- (reflexive) išsiristi
- paristi
- parristi
- (reflexive) parsiristi
- užristi
nouns derived from risti
- ritimas m
References
- Gamkrelidze, T. V., Ivanov, V. V. (2010). Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans: A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. Part I: The Text. Part II: Bibliography, Indexes. Germany: De Gruyter, p. 186
- “risti” in Balčikonis, Juozas et al. (1954), Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Vilnius: Valstybinė politinės ir mokslinės literatūros leidykla.
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