róðr

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *rōþrą. Compare the verb róa (“to row”). Scandinavian form: *rōþʀ actually seems came from masculine gender: *rōþruz/*rōþraz instead of neutral one: *rōþrą, less likely from the hypothetical genitive.

Noun

róðr ?

rudder

Descendants

Icelandic: róður
Faroese: róður
Old East Norse:
- Old Swedish: roþer
  - Swedish: roder
  - ⇒ Swedish: rod, Roden (“the coastal region of Uppland”)
    - ⇒ Swedish: Roslagen
- → Proto-Finnic: *roocci[1] (from the genitive *roþs-)
  - Estonian: Rootsi; roots (archaic)
  - Finnish: Ruotsi; ruotsi (archaic)
    - Meänkieli: Ruotti
  - Ingrian: rootsi
  - Karelian: ruočči, Ruočči
  - Livonian: rūotš, Rūotšmō
  - Livvi: ruočči, Ruočči
  - Ludian: ruoč
  - Veps: Ročinma
  - Võro: ruuts', Roodsi
  - Votic: roottsi
  - → Northern Sami: ruošˈša, Ruošˈša; ruoŧŧa, Ruoŧŧa
  - →? Old East Slavic: Роусь (Rusĭ) (see there for further descendants)
  - → Proto-Permic:
    - Komi-Permyak: роч (roć)
    - Komi-Zyrian: роч (roć)
    - Udmurt: ӟуч (dźuć)

References

róður inGeir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Kallio, Petri: The Diversiﬁcation of Proto-Finnic Joonas Ahola & Frog (eds.), Fibula, Fabula, Fact: The Viking Age in Finland, pp. 155-168. Studia Fennica Historica 18 (2014)

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[1] Kallio, Petri: The Diversiﬁcation of Proto-Finnic Joonas Ahola & Frog (eds.), Fibula, Fabula, Fact: The Viking Age in Finland, pp. 155-168. Studia Fennica Historica 18 (2014)