quisque

Latin

Etymology

From quis +‎ -que (“each”). Compare to quoque and quisquam.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

quisque or quīque (feminine quaeque, neuter quidque); indefinite substantival pronoun, singular only
quisque (feminine quaeque, neuter quodque); indefinite adjectival pronoun

  1. each one, each person, each individual
  2. everybody, everyone
  3. anyone, whoever

Usage notes
  • The dative or ablative plural quīsque does appear in Titus Lucrētius Carus' Dē rērum nātūrā book IV: "praestō sint simulacra, locīs in quīsque, parātā"[1][2] Some old editions of the 18th and 19th century however have "Praestō sint simulacra, locōs in quōsque, parātā"[3][4]

Declension

Irregular substantival pronoun: Indefinite substantival pronoun, singular only.

Number Singular
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative quisque
quīque1		 quaeque quidque
Genitive cuiusque1
Dative cuique1
Accusative quemque quamque
quemque		 quidque
Ablative quōque
quīque		 quāque
quīque		 quōque
quīque

1In Republican Latin or earlier, alternative spellings could be found for the following forms of quī/quis and its compounds: the masculine nominative singular or plural quī (old spelling quei), the genitive singular cuius (old spelling quoius), the dative singular cui (old spelling quoi or quoiei), the dative/ablative plural quīs (old spelling queis).

Irregular adjectival pronoun: Indefinite adjectival pronoun.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative quisque quaeque quodque quīque1 quaeque
Genitive cuiusque1 quōrumque quārumque quōrumque
Dative cuique1 quibusque
quīsque1
Accusative quemque quamque quodque quōsque quāsque quaeque
Ablative quōque quāque quōque quibusque
quīsque1

1In Republican Latin or earlier, alternative spellings could be found for the following forms of quī/quis and its compounds: the masculine nominative singular or plural quī (old spelling quei), the genitive singular cuius (old spelling quoius), the dative singular cui (old spelling quoi or quoiei), the dative/ablative plural quīs (old spelling queis).

Derived terms
Latin correlatives (edit)
typedemonstrativeanaphoricidentityinterrogative/
relative		indefinitenegativeother
proximalmedialdistalrelativeindefiniteuniversalfree choicenegative polarity
basic hiciste, isticille, illicisipse, īdemquis/quīquisquis, quīcumquequis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quispiamquisquequīvis, quīlibetquisquam, ūllus, °aliquisquamnēmō, nihil, nūllusalius
dual uterutercumquealteruteruterqueutervīs, uterlibetneuteralter
place hīcistīcillīcibī̆ibī̆demubī̆ubiubi, ubī̆cumquealicubī, uspiamubīqueubivīs, ubilibetusquamnusquam, nūllibīalibī, aliās
source hincistincillincindeindidemundeundecumque, undeundealicundeundique°undelibetaliunde
destination hūc, °hōrsumistūc, °istōrsumillūc, °illōrsumeōeōdemquō, quōrsumquōquō, quōcumquealiquō, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsumquōvīs, quōlibetquōquamnusquam, nūllōrsumaliō, aliōrsum
method,
means,
path,
place		 hācistācillāceāeādemquāquāquā, quācumquealiquāquāquequāvīs, quālibetnēquāquam, haudquāquamaliā
manner hōc modōistō modōillō modōita, sīc,
eō modō		item, itidemut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodumutut, utcumque, quōmodocumquequī, quōdam modō, aliquō modōutiquequōmodolibetūllō modōnūllō modōaliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō
time num, nuncōlimtum, tuncsimulquandō, ‡cumcumque, quandōcumque, quandōquequondam, aliquandōquandōquequandōlibetumquamnumquamaliās
quantity tam†tamen, †tandemquam†quamquamaliquamquamvīs, quamlibet
size tantustantusdemquantusquantuscumquealiquantusquantusvīs, quantuslibet
quality tālisquālisquālis, quāliscumquealiquālisquālislibet
number tottotidemquotquotquot, quotcumquealiquotquotlibet
order totusquotusquotuscumquealiquotusquotuslibet
repetition totiēnsquotiēnsquotiēnscumquealiquotiēnsquotiēnslibet
multiplication totuplexquotuplex
† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated
° Rare
‡only used as a conjunction, not as an interrogative

Descendants
  • Sardinian: kis (Old Sardinian)[5]
  • → Spanish: quisque

References
  • “quisque”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “quisque”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • quisque in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • quisque in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • all learned men: omnes docti, quivis doctus, doctissimus quisque
    • (ambiguous) at the first opportunity: primo quoque tempore
    • (ambiguous) every fifth year: quinto quoque anno
  1. Friedrich Neue, Formenlehre der Lateinischen Sprache, 2nd part, 2nd edition, Berlin, 1875, p. 245: "Dat. und Ablat. Plur. [...] neben quibusque auch quisque Lucr. 4, 798".
  2. Lukrez: Von der Natur. Lateinisch-deutsch. Herausgegeben und übersetzt von Hermann Diels. 3rd edition, 2013, p. 354, line 798
  3. T. Lucretii Cari de rerum natura libros sex. Edited by Ricardus Bentleius and Gilbertus Wakefield, vol. II., London, 1797, p. 328, line 799, with the note: "Ver. 799. sint: Vind. V. ed. B. L. Δ. Π. Σ. in; M. sin: sed nullum esse dubitandi locum de vulgatâ voce censeo.—locos: O. Σ. locis, ut editiones communes; vetustis exemplis universis contra stantibus, non auscultandae.—quosque: sic P. Δ. Π. reliqui omnes, quisque; quae vox quo pacto cum locos in unâ sede morari queat, non invenio. Quod edidi, prius ex conjecturâ scripseram, quam libros ullos noverim concordantes. In locos autem exquisitissime dictum est pro vulgari in locis: me videas ad i. 889. Hyginus, fab. xli. "Quem pater cum mitteret, praedixit ei, ut, si victor reverteretur, vela candida in novem haberet." Qui locus incontinentes correctorum manus expertus est, Munckero tamen merito defensus. Idem, fab. cxxxix. "Juno autem Jovem in Cretensi insulâ detulit."
  4. Titi Lucretii Cari de rerum natura libri sex. Edited by P. Aug. Lemaire, vol. I., Paris, 1838, p. 526, line 800, with the note: "800. Locos in quosque. Vulgo locis in queisque, vetustis exemplis universis contra stantibus. In locos autem exquisitissime dictum pro vulgari in locis, vide ad I, 889. Wak."
  5. Bonfante, Giuliano, Bonfante, Larissa (1999) The Origin of the Romance Languages, page 100: “The Latin pronouns aliquis, unusquique, quisque survive in Old Sardinian (alikis, uniskis, unukis, kis) in the sense of ‘each’ (Meyer-Lübke, Altlog., 41; Wagner p. 129), which aliquis did not have in Latin.”

Spanish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin quisque.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈkiske/ [ˈkis.ke]
  • Rhymes: -iske
  • Syllabification: quis‧que

Noun

quisque m (uncountable)

  1. (informal) person, someone
    todo quisque ― everyone

Further reading
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