punguza

Swahili

Pronunciation
  • Audio (Kenya)(file)

Verb

-punguza (infinitive kupunguza)

  1. Causative form of -pungua: to reduce, to lower, to decrease, to diminish

Conjugation
Conjugation of -punguza
Positive present -napunguza
Subjunctive -punguze
Negative -punguzi
Imperative singular punguza
Infinitives
Positive kupunguza
Negative kutopunguza
Imperatives
Singular punguza
Plural punguzeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hupunguza
Positive past positive subject concord + -lipunguza
Negative past negative subject concord + -kupunguza
Positive present (positive subject concord + -napunguza)
Singular Plural
1st person ninapunguza/napunguza tunapunguza
2nd person unapunguza mnapunguza
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anapunguza wanapunguza
other classes positive subject concord + -napunguza
Negative present (negative subject concord + -punguzi)
Singular Plural
1st person sipunguzi hatupunguzi
2nd person hupunguzi hampunguzi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hapunguzi hawapunguzi
other classes negative subject concord + -punguzi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tapunguza
Negative future negative subject concord + -tapunguza
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -punguze)
Singular Plural
1st person nipunguze tupunguze
2nd person upunguze mpunguze
3rd person m-wa(I/II) apunguze wapunguze
other classes positive subject concord + -punguze
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sipunguze
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngepunguza
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singepunguza
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalipunguza
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalipunguza
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apunguza)
Singular Plural
1st person napunguza twapunguza
2nd person wapunguza mwapunguza
3rd person m-wa(I/II) apunguza wapunguza
m-mi(III/IV) wapunguza yapunguza
ji-ma(V/VI) lapunguza yapunguza
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chapunguza vyapunguza
n(IX/X) yapunguza zapunguza
u(XI) wapunguza see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwapunguza
pa(XVI) papunguza
mu(XVIII) mwapunguza
Perfect positive subject concord + -mepunguza
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshapunguza
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -japunguza
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kipunguza
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipopunguza
Consecutive kapunguza / positive subject concord + -kapunguza
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kapunguze
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nipunguza -tupunguza
2nd person -kupunguza -wapunguza/-kupunguzeni/-wapunguzeni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpunguza -wapunguza
m-mi(III/IV) -upunguza -ipunguza
ji-ma(V/VI) -lipunguza -yapunguza
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kipunguza -vipunguza
n(IX/X) -ipunguza -zipunguza
u(XI) -upunguza see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kupunguza
pa(XVI) -papunguza
mu(XVIII) -mupunguza
Reflexive -jipunguza
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -punguza- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -punguzaye -punguzao
m-mi(III/IV) -punguzao -punguzayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -punguzalo -punguzayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -punguzacho -punguzavyo
n(IX/X) -punguzayo -punguzazo
u(XI) -punguzao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -punguzako
pa(XVI) -punguzapo
mu(XVIII) -punguzamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -punguza)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yepunguza -opunguza
m-mi(III/IV) -opunguza -yopunguza
ji-ma(V/VI) -lopunguza -yopunguza
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chopunguza -vyopunguza
n(IX/X) -yopunguza -zopunguza
u(XI) -opunguza see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kopunguza
pa(XVI) -popunguza
mu(XVIII) -mopunguza
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms
  • Nominal derivations:
    • punguzo (“reduction, discount”)
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