proteger

See also: protéger

Middle French

Verb

proteger

  1. to protect

Conjugation
  • As parler except an extra e is inserted after the final g before a and o.
  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of proteger
infinitive simple proteger
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple protegeant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle protegé
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present protege proteges protege protegeons protegez protegent
imperfect protegeois, protegeoys protegeois, protegeoys protegeoit, protegeoyt protegions, protegyons protegiez, protegyez protegeoient, protegeoyent
past historic protegea protegeas protegea protegeasmes protegeastes protegerent
future protegerai, protegeray protegeras protegera protegerons protegerez protegeront
conditional protegerois, protegeroys protegerois, protegeroys protegeroit, protegeroyt protegerions, protegeryons protegeriez, protegeryez protegeroient, protegeroyent
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present protege proteges protege protegeons protegez protegent
imperfect protegeasse protegeasses protegeast protegeassions protegeassiez protegeassent
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — protege — protegeons protegez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants
  • French: protéger

Portuguese

Etymology

Latin protegere.

Pronunciation
 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /pɾo.teˈʒe(ʁ)/ [pɾo.teˈʒe(h)]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /pɾo.teˈʒe(ɾ)/
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /pɾo.teˈʒe(ʁ)/ [pɾo.teˈʒe(χ)]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /pɾo.teˈʒe(ɻ)/
 
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /pɾu.tɨˈʒeɾ/
    • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /pɾu.tɨˈʒe.ɾi/

  • Hyphenation: pro‧te‧ger

Verb

proteger (first-person singular present protejo, first-person singular preterite protegi, past participle protegido)

  1. to protect
  2. to support

Conjugation
    Conjugation of proteger (g-j alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu)		 Second-person
(tu)		 Third-person
(ele / ela / você)		 First-person
(nós)		 Second-person
(vós)		 Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal proteger
Personal proteger protegeres proteger protegermos protegerdes protegerem
Gerund
protegendo
Past participle
Masculine protegido protegidos
Feminine protegida protegidas
Indicative
Present protejo proteges protege protegemos protegeis protegem
Imperfect protegia protegias protegia protegíamos protegíeis protegiam
Preterite protegi protegeste protegeu protegemos protegestes protegeram
Pluperfect protegera protegeras protegera protegêramos protegêreis protegeram
Future protegerei protegerás protegerá protegeremos protegereis protegerão
Conditional protegeria protegerias protegeria protegeríamos protegeríeis protegeriam
Subjunctive
Present proteja protejas proteja protejamos protejais protejam
Imperfect protegesse protegesses protegesse protegêssemos protegêsseis protegessem
Future proteger protegeres proteger protegermos protegerdes protegerem
Imperative
Affirmative protege proteja protejamos protegei protejam
Negative (não) não protejas não proteja não protejamos não protejais não protejam

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin protegere.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /pɾoteˈxeɾ/ [pɾo.t̪eˈxeɾ]
  • Audio (Colombia):(file)
  • Rhymes: -eɾ
  • Syllabification: pro‧te‧ger

Verb

proteger (first-person singular present protejo, first-person singular preterite protegí, past participle protegido)

  1. to protect, to defend
    Synonym: defender
    • 1915, Ricardo Flores Magón, La patria burguesa y la patria universal:
      Protegernos los pobres, está bien: ése es nuestro deber, esa es la obligación que nos impone la solidaridad. Protegernos los unos a los otros, ayudarnos, defendernos mutuamente, es una necesidad que debemos satisfacer si no queremos ser aniquilados por nuestros señores; pero armarnos, y echarnos unos sobre los otros para defender el bolsillo de nuestros amos, es un crimen de lesa clase, es una felonía que debemos rechazar indignados.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation
    Conjugation of proteger (g-j alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive proteger
gerund protegiendo
past participle masculine feminine
singular protegido protegida
plural protegidos protegidas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present protejo protegestú
protegésvos		 protege protegemos protegéis protegen
imperfect protegía protegías protegía protegíamos protegíais protegían
preterite protegí protegiste protegió protegimos protegisteis protegieron
future protegeré protegerás protegerá protegeremos protegeréis protegerán
conditional protegería protegerías protegería protegeríamos protegeríais protegerían
subjunctive yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present proteja protejastú
protejásvos2		 proteja protejamos protejáis protejan
imperfect
(ra)		 protegiera protegieras protegiera protegiéramos protegierais protegieran
imperfect
(se)		 protegiese protegieses protegiese protegiésemos protegieseis protegiesen
future1 protegiere protegieres protegiere protegiéremos protegiereis protegieren
imperative — tú
vos		 usted nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ustedes
affirmative protegetú
protegévos		 proteja protejamos proteged protejan
negative no protejas no proteja no protejamos no protejáis no protejan

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of proteger (g-j alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive proteger
dative protegerme protegerte protegerle, protegerse protegernos protegeros protegerles, protegerse
accusative protegerme protegerte protegerlo, protegerla, protegerse protegernos protegeros protegerlos, protegerlas, protegerse
with gerund protegiendo
dative protegiéndome protegiéndote protegiéndole, protegiéndose protegiéndonos protegiéndoos protegiéndoles, protegiéndose
accusative protegiéndome protegiéndote protegiéndolo, protegiéndola, protegiéndose protegiéndonos protegiéndoos protegiéndolos, protegiéndolas, protegiéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative protege
dative protégeme protégete protégele protégenos not used protégeles
accusative protégeme protégete protégelo, protégela protégenos not used protégelos, protégelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative protegé
dative protegeme protegete protegele protegenos not used protegeles
accusative protegeme protegete protegelo, protegela protegenos not used protegelos, protegelas
with formal second-person singular imperative proteja
dative protéjame not used protéjale, protéjase protéjanos not used protéjales
accusative protéjame not used protéjalo, protéjala, protéjase protéjanos not used protéjalos, protéjalas
with first-person plural imperative protejamos
dative not used protejámoste protejámosle protejámonos protejámoos protejámosles
accusative not used protejámoste protejámoslo, protejámosla protejámonos protejámoos protejámoslos, protejámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative proteged
dative protegedme not used protegedle protegednos protegeos protegedles
accusative protegedme not used protegedlo, protegedla protegednos protegeos protegedlos, protegedlas
with formal second-person plural imperative protejan
dative protéjanme not used protéjanle protéjannos not used protéjanles, protéjanse
accusative protéjanme not used protéjanlo, protéjanla protéjannos not used protéjanlos, protéjanlas, protéjanse

Derived terms

Further reading
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