pozwalać
Polish
Alternative forms
- pozwolać (Middle Polish)
Etymology
From pozwolić + -ać. First attested in the 16th century.[1] Compare Kashubian pòzwôlac, Masurian pozwálacz, and Silesian pozwŏlać.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pɔˈzva.lat͡ɕ/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /pɔˈzvɒ.lat͡ɕ/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -alat͡ɕ
- Syllabification: po‧zwa‧lać
Verb
pozwalać impf (perfective pozwolić)
- (intransitive) to allow (to give permission; to not obstruct) [+dative = whom] [+ na (accusative) = what], [+infinitive] or [+ żeby (infinitive/past tense) = to do what]
- (intransitive) to permit (to allow legally) [+dative = whom] [+ na (accusative) = what], [+infinitive = to do what]
- (intransitive) to allow, to permit (to cause something to be possible) [+ na (accusative) = what], [+infinitive = to do what]
- Synonym: umożliwiać
- (reflexive with sobie) to allow oneself, to let oneself (to give permission to oneself to do something that might otherwise be considered inappropriate) [+infinitive = to do what] [+ na (accusative) = what]
- (reflexive with sobie) to allow oneself, to let oneself (to do something that one considers they ought to do) [+infinitive = to do what]
- (transitive, obsolete) to grant, to accord, to give [+accusative] or [+genitive]
Conjugation
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), pozwalać is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 25 times in scientific texts, 5 times in news, 23 times in essays, 9 times in fiction, and 11 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 73 times, making it the 886th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]
References
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “pozwalać”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Ida Kurcz (1990) “pozwalać”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 426
Further reading
- pozwalać in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- pozwalać sobie in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- pozwalać in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- “03.09.2020”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], (Can we date this quote?)
- Paweł Kupiszewski (03.09.2020) “POZWALAĆ%20SIĘ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “pozwalać”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “pozwalać”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1908), “pozwalać”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw, page 921
- pozwalać in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
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