plaindre

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French plaindre, pleindre, from Old French plaindre, pleindre, from Latin plangere, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂k-.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /plɛ̃dʁ/
  • audio(file)

Verb

plaindre

  1. to pity
  2. (reflexive) to complain

Conjugation

This verb is conjugated like peindre. It uses the same endings as rendre or vendre, but its -nd- becomes -gn- before a vowel, and its past participle ends in 't' instead of a vowel.

Conjugation of plaindre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple plaindre
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple plaignant
/plɛ.ɲɑ̃/ or /ple.ɲɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle plaint
/plɛ̃/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present plains
/plɛ̃/		 plains
/plɛ̃/		 plaint
/plɛ̃/		 plaignons
/plɛ.ɲɔ̃/ or /ple.ɲɔ̃/		 plaignez
/plɛ.ɲe/ or /ple.ɲe/		 plaignent
/plɛɲ/
imperfect plaignais
/plɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ple.ɲɛ/		 plaignais
/plɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ple.ɲɛ/		 plaignait
/plɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ple.ɲɛ/		 plaignions
/plɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ or /ple.ɲjɔ̃/		 plaigniez
/plɛ.ɲje/ or /ple.ɲje/		 plaignaient
/plɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ple.ɲɛ/
past historic2 plaignis
/plɛ.ɲi/ or /ple.ɲi/		 plaignis
/plɛ.ɲi/ or /ple.ɲi/		 plaignit
/plɛ.ɲi/ or /ple.ɲi/		 plaignîmes
/plɛ.ɲim/ or /ple.ɲim/		 plaignîtes
/plɛ.ɲit/ or /ple.ɲit/		 plaignirent
/plɛ.ɲiʁ/ or /ple.ɲiʁ/
future plaindrai
/plɛ̃.dʁe/		 plaindras
/plɛ̃.dʁa/		 plaindra
/plɛ̃.dʁa/		 plaindrons
/plɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/		 plaindrez
/plɛ̃.dʁe/		 plaindront
/plɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/
conditional plaindrais
/plɛ̃.dʁɛ/		 plaindrais
/plɛ̃.dʁɛ/		 plaindrait
/plɛ̃.dʁɛ/		 plaindrions
/plɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/		 plaindriez
/plɛ̃.dʁi.je/		 plaindraient
/plɛ̃.dʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present plaigne
/plɛɲ/		 plaignes
/plɛɲ/		 plaigne
/plɛɲ/		 plaignions
/plɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ or /ple.ɲjɔ̃/		 plaigniez
/plɛ.ɲje/ or /ple.ɲje/		 plaignent
/plɛɲ/
imperfect2 plaignisse
/plɛ.ɲis/ or /ple.ɲis/		 plaignisses
/plɛ.ɲis/ or /ple.ɲis/		 plaignît
/plɛ.ɲi/ or /ple.ɲi/		 plaignissions
/plɛ.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ or /ple.ɲi.sjɔ̃/		 plaignissiez
/plɛ.ɲi.sje/ or /ple.ɲi.sje/		 plaignissent
/plɛ.ɲis/ or /ple.ɲis/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — plains
/plɛ̃/		 — plaignons
/plɛ.ɲɔ̃/ or /ple.ɲɔ̃/		 plaignez
/plɛ.ɲe/ or /ple.ɲe/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

Old French

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Latin plangere, present active infinitive of plangō.

Verb

plaindre

  1. (reflexive, se plaindre) to cry; to weep
    • c. 1170, Wace, Le Roman de Rou:
      Mult oïssiez plorer e plaindre.
      There was much crying and wailing.

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of plaindre (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive plaindre avoir plaint
gerund en plaignant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle plaignant
past participle plaint
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses		 present plaing plainz plaint plaignons plaigniez plaignent
imperfect plaignoie, plaigneie plaignoies, plaigneies plaignoit, plaigneit plaigniiens, plaigniens plaigniiez, plaigniez plaignoient, plaigneient
preterite plains plainsis plainst plainsimes plainsistes plainstrent
future plaindrai plaindras plaindra plaindrons plaindroiz, plaindreiz, plaindrez plaindront
conditional plaindroie, plaindreie plaindroies, plaindreies plaindroit, plaindreit plaindriiens, plaindriens plaindriiez, plaindriez plaindroient, plaindreient
compound
tenses		 present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses		 present plaigne, plange plaignes, planges plaigne, plange plaigniens, plaignons, plangiens, planjons plaigniez, plangiez plaignent, plangent
imperfect plainsisse plainsisses plainsist plainsissons, plainsissiens plainsissoiz, plainsissez, plainsissiez plainsissent
compound
tenses		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— plaing — plaignons plaigniez —

Descendants
  • Middle French: plaindre, pleindre
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