pecar

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin peccāre, present active infinitive of peccō.

Verb

pecar (first-person singular indicative present peco, past participle pecáu)

  1. to sin

Conjugation
Conjugation of pecar
infinitive pecar
gerund pecando
past participle m pecáu, f pecada, n pecao, m pl pecaos, f pl pecaes
person first singular
yo		 second singular
tu		 third singular
él/elli		 first plural
nosotros/nós		 second plural
vosotros/vós		 third plural
ellos
indicative present peco peques peca pecamos pecáis pequen
imperfect pecaba pecabes pecaba pecábemos, pecábamos pecabeis, pecabais pecaben
preterite pequé pecasti, pequesti pecó pequemos pecastis, pequestis pecaron
pluperfect pecare, pecara pecares, pecaras pecare, pecara pecáremos, pecáramos pecareis, pecarais pecaren, pecaran
future pecaré pecarás pecará pecaremos pecaréis pecarán
conditional pecaría pecaríes pecaría pecaríemos, pecaríamos pecaríeis, pecaríais pecaríen
subjunctive present peque peques, pecas peque pequemos pequéis pequen, pecan
imperfect pecare, pecara pecares, pecaras pecare, pecara pecáremos, pecáramos pecareis, pecarais pecaren, pecaran
imperative — peca — — pecái —

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan pec(c)ar, from Latin peccāre.

Pronunciation

Verb

pecar (first-person singular present peco, first-person singular preterite pequí, past participle pecat); root stress: (Central, Valencian, Balearic) /e/

  1. to sin

Conjugation
    Conjugation of pecar (first conjugation, c-qu alternation)
infinitive pecar
gerund pecant
past participle masculine feminine
singular pecat pecada
plural pecats pecades
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present peco peques peca pequem pequeu pequen
imperfect pecava pecaves pecava pecàvem pecàveu pecaven
future pecaré pecaràs pecarà pecarem pecareu pecaran
preterite pequí pecares pecà pecàrem pecàreu pecaren
conditional pecaria pecaries pecaria pecaríem pecaríeu pecarien
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present pequi pequis pequi pequem pequeu pequin
imperfect pequés pequessis pequés pequéssim pequéssiu pequessin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós		 vostès
affirmative — peca pequi pequem pequeu pequin
negative (no) — no pequis no pequi no pequem no pequeu no pequin

References

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese pecar, from Latin peccāre.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [peˈkaɾ]

Verb

pecar (first-person singular present peco, first-person singular preterite pequei, past participle pecado)

  1. (intransitive) to sin

Conjugation
    Conjugation of pecar (c-qu alternation)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu)		 Second-person
(ti)		 Third-person
(el / ela / Vde.)		 First-person
(nós)		 Second-person
(vós)		 Third-person
(eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal pecar
Personal pecar pecares pecar pecarmos pecardes pecaren
Gerund
pecando
Past participle
Masculine pecado pecados
Feminine pecada pecadas
Indicative
Present peco pecas peca pecamos pecades pecan
Imperfect pecaba pecabas pecaba pecabamos pecabades pecaban
Preterite pequei pecaches pecou pecamos pecastes pecaron
Pluperfect pecara pecaras pecara pecaramos pecarades pecaran
Future pecarei pecarás pecará pecaremos pecaredes pecarán
Conditional pecaría pecarías pecaría pecariamos pecariades pecarían
Subjunctive
Present peque peques peque pequemos pequedes pequen
Imperfect pecase pecases pecase pecásemos pecásedes pecasen
Future pecar pecares pecar pecarmos pecardes pecaren
Imperative
Affirmative peca peque pequemos pecade pequen
Negative (non) non peques non peque non pequemos non pequedes non pequen
    Reintegrated conjugation of pecar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu)		 Second-person
(ti / tu)		 Third-person
(ele / ela / você)		 First-person
(nós)		 Second-person
(vós)		 Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal pecar
Personal pecar pecares pecar pecarmos pecardes pecarem
Gerund
pecando
Past participle
Masculine pecado pecados
Feminine pecada pecadas
Indicative
Present peco pecas peca pecamos pecades, pecais pecam
Imperfect pecava pecavas pecava pecávamos pecávades, pecáveis, pecávais1 pecavam
Preterite pequei pecaste, pecache1 pecou pecamos pecastes pecárom, pecaram
Pluperfect pecara pecaras pecara pecáramos pecárades, pecáreis, pecárais1 pecaram
Future pecarei pecarás pecará pecaremos pecaredes, pecareis pecarám, pecarão
Conditional pecaria pecarias pecaria pecaríamos pecaríades, pecaríeis, pecaríais1 pecariam
Subjunctive
Present peque peques peque pequemos pequedes, pequeis pequem
Imperfect pecasse pecasses pecasse pecássemos pecássedes, pecásseis pecassem
Future pecar pecares pecar pecarmos pecardes pecarem
Imperative
Affirmative peca peque pequemos pecade, pecai pequem
Negative (nom) nom peques nom peque nom pequemos nom pequedes, nom pequeis nom pequem

1Less recommended.

References
  • “pecar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “pecar” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
  • “pecar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “pecar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, since 2012
  • “pecar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “pecar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
  • “pecar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Occitan

Etymology

From Old Occitan peccar, from Latin peccāre, present active infinitive of peccō.

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)

Verb

pecar

  1. to sin (commit a sin)

Conjugation
    Lengadocian (Central Occitan)
simple compound
infinitive pecar aver pecat
gerund pecant use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle pecat —
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ieu tu el nosautres vosautres eles
present pequi pecas peca pecam pecatz pecan
imperfect pecavi pecavas pecava pecàvem pecàvetz pecavan
preterite pequèri pequères pequèt pequèrem pequèretz pequèron
future pecarai pecaràs pecarà pecarem pecaretz pecaràn
conditional pecariái pecariás pecariá pecariam pecariatz pecarián
conditional 2nd form1 pequèra pequèras pequèra pequeram pequeratz pequèran
compound
tenses		 present perfect use the present tense of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
past anterior use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
future perfect use the future tense of aver + past participle
conditional perfect use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive que ieu que tu que el que nosautres que vosautres que eles
present peque peques peque pequem pequetz pequen
imperfect pequèssi pequèsses pequèsse pequèssem pequèssetz pequèsson
compound
tenses		 past use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative — tu — nosautres vosautres —
peca pequem pecatz 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects
    Auvernhàs
simple compound
infinitive pecar aver pecat
gerund pecant use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle pecat —
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ieu tu el nosautres vosautres eles
present peque peques peca pecam pecatz pecon
imperfect pecave pecaves pecava pecaviam pecaviatz pecavon
preterite pequere pequeres pequet pequem pequetz pequeron
future pecarai pecaràs pecará pecarem pecaretz pecarán
conditional pecariá pecariás pecariá pecariam pecariatz pecarián
conditional 2nd form1 pequèra pequèras pequèra pequeram pequeratz pequèran
compound
tenses		 present perfect use the present tense of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
past anterior use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
future perfect use the future tense of aver + past participle
conditional perfect use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive que ieu que tu que el que nosautres que vosautres que eles
present peque peques peque pecassiam pecassiatz pecon
imperfect pequesse pequesses pequesse pequessiam pequessiatz pequesson
compound
tenses		 past use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative — tu — nosautres vosautres —
peca pecassiam pecatz 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects
    Gascon
simple compound
infinitive pecar aver pecat
gerund pecant use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle pecat —
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ieu tu el nosautres vosautres eles
present pequi pecas peca pecam pecatz pecan
imperfect pecavi pecavas pecava pecàvam pecàvatz pecavan
preterite pequèi pequès pequè pequèm pequètz pequèn
future pecarèi pecaràs pecarà pecaram pecaratz pecaràn
conditional pecarí pecarés pecaré pecarem pecaretz pecarén
conditional 2nd form1 pequèra pequèras pequèra pequeram pequeratz pequèran
compound
tenses		 present perfect use the present tense of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
past anterior use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
future perfect use the future tense of aver + past participle
conditional perfect use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive que ieu que tu que el que nosautres que vosautres que eles
present pequi peques peque pequem pequetz pequen
imperfect pequèssi pequèsses pequèsse pequèssem pequèssetz pequèssen
compound
tenses		 past use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative — tu — nosautres vosautres —
peca pequem pecatz 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects
    Lemosin
simple compound
infinitive pecar aver pecat
gerund pecant use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle pecat —
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ieu tu el nosautres vosautres eles
present peque pecas peca pecam pecatz pecan
imperfect pecava pecavas pecava pecàvam pecàvatz pecavan
preterite pequei pequeras pequet pequèram pequèratz pequeran
future pecarai pecaràs pecará pecarem pecaretz pecarán
conditional pecariá pecariàs pecariá pecariam pecariatz pecarián
conditional 2nd form1 pequèra pequèras pequèra pequeram pequeratz pequèran
compound
tenses		 present perfect use the present tense of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
past anterior use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
future perfect use the future tense of aver + past participle
conditional perfect use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive que ieu que tu que el que nosautres que vosautres que eles
present peque peques peque pequem pequetz pequen
imperfect pequèsse pequèsses pequèsse pequèssem pequèssetz pequèssen
compound
tenses		 past use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative — tu — nosautres vosautres —
peca pequem pecatz 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects
    Provençau
simple compound
infinitive pecar aver pecat
gerund pecant use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle pecat —
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ieu tu el nosautres vosautres eles
present peque peques peca pecam pecatz pecan
imperfect pecavi pecavas pecava pecàvem pecàvetz pecavan
preterite pequère pequères pequèt pequeriam pequeriatz pequèron
future pecarai pecaràs pecarà pecarem pecaretz pecaràn
conditional pecariáu pecariás pecariá pecariam pecariatz pecarián
conditional 2nd form1 pequèra pequèras pequèra pequeram pequeratz pequèran
compound
tenses		 present perfect use the present tense of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
past anterior use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
future perfect use the future tense of aver + past participle
conditional perfect use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive que ieu que tu que el que nosautres que vosautres que eles
present peque peques peque pequem pequetz pecan
imperfect pequèsse pequèsses pequèsse pequessiam pequessiatz pequèsson
compound
tenses		 past use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
pluperfect use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative — tu — nosautres vosautres —
peca pequem pecatz 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

Portuguese

Alternative forms

Pronunciation
 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /peˈka(ʁ)/ [peˈka(h)]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /peˈka(ɾ)/
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /peˈka(ʁ)/ [peˈka(χ)]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /peˈka(ɻ)/
 
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /pɨˈkaɾ/
    • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /pɨˈka.ɾi/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pecar, from Latin peccāre (“to sin”).

Verb

pecar (first-person singular present peco, first-person singular preterite pequei, past participle pecado)

  1. (theology) to sin (commit a sin)
    Synonym: errar
  2. to commit a misdeed
Conjugation
    Conjugation of pecar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu)		 Second-person
(tu)		 Third-person
(ele / ela / você)		 First-person
(nós)		 Second-person
(vós)		 Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal pecar
Personal pecar pecares pecar pecarmos pecardes pecarem
Gerund
pecando
Past participle
Masculine pecado pecados
Feminine pecada pecadas
Indicative
Present peco pecas peca pecamos pecais pecam
Imperfect pecava pecavas pecava pecávamos pecáveis pecavam
Preterite pequei pecaste pecou pecamos1, pecámos2 pecastes pecaram
Pluperfect pecara pecaras pecara pecáramos pecáreis pecaram
Future pecarei pecarás pecará pecaremos pecareis pecarão
Conditional pecaria pecarias pecaria pecaríamos pecaríeis pecariam
Subjunctive
Present peque peques peque pequemos pequeis pequem
Imperfect pecasse pecasses pecasse pecássemos pecásseis pecassem
Future pecar pecares pecar pecarmos pecardes pecarem
Imperative
Affirmative peca peque pequemos pecai pequem
Negative (não) não peques não peque não pequemos não pequeis não pequem

1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.

Derived terms
  • ser melhor pecar por excesso

Etymology 2

From peco +‎ -ar.

Verb

pecar (first-person singular present peco, first-person singular preterite pequei, past participle pecado)

  1. to become stupid
Conjugation
    Conjugation of pecar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu)		 Second-person
(tu)		 Third-person
(ele / ela / você)		 First-person
(nós)		 Second-person
(vós)		 Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal pecar
Personal pecar pecares pecar pecarmos pecardes pecarem
Gerund
pecando
Past participle
Masculine pecado pecados
Feminine pecada pecadas
Indicative
Present peco pecas peca pecamos pecais pecam
Imperfect pecava pecavas pecava pecávamos pecáveis pecavam
Preterite pequei pecaste pecou pecamos1, pecámos2 pecastes pecaram
Pluperfect pecara pecaras pecara pecáramos pecáreis pecaram
Future pecarei pecarás pecará pecaremos pecareis pecarão
Conditional pecaria pecarias pecaria pecaríamos pecaríeis pecariam
Subjunctive
Present peque peques peque pequemos pequeis pequem
Imperfect pecasse pecasses pecasse pecássemos pecásseis pecassem
Future pecar pecares pecar pecarmos pecardes pecarem
Imperative
Affirmative peca peque pequemos pecai pequem
Negative (não) não peques não peque não pequemos não pequeis não pequem

1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish pecar, borrowed from Latin peccāre.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /peˈkaɾ/ [peˈkaɾ]
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Syllabification: pe‧car

Verb

pecar (first-person singular present peco, first-person singular preterite pequé, past participle pecado)

  1. to sin

Conjugation
    Conjugation of pecar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive pecar
gerund pecando
past participle masculine feminine
singular pecado pecada
plural pecados pecadas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present peco pecastú
pecásvos		 peca pecamos pecáis pecan
imperfect pecaba pecabas pecaba pecábamos pecabais pecaban
preterite pequé pecaste pecó pecamos pecasteis pecaron
future pecaré pecarás pecará pecaremos pecaréis pecarán
conditional pecaría pecarías pecaría pecaríamos pecaríais pecarían
subjunctive yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present peque pequestú
pequésvos2		 peque pequemos pequéis pequen
imperfect
(ra)		 pecara pecaras pecara pecáramos pecarais pecaran
imperfect
(se)		 pecase pecases pecase pecásemos pecaseis pecasen
future1 pecare pecares pecare pecáremos pecareis pecaren
imperative — tú
vos		 usted nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ustedes
affirmative pecatú
pecávos		 peque pequemos pecad pequen
negative no peques no peque no pequemos no pequéis no pequen

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of pecar (c-qu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive pecar
dative pecarme pecarte pecarle, pecarse pecarnos pecaros pecarles, pecarse
accusative pecarme pecarte pecarlo, pecarla, pecarse pecarnos pecaros pecarlos, pecarlas, pecarse
with gerund pecando
dative pecándome pecándote pecándole, pecándose pecándonos pecándoos pecándoles, pecándose
accusative pecándome pecándote pecándolo, pecándola, pecándose pecándonos pecándoos pecándolos, pecándolas, pecándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative peca
dative pécame pécate pécale pécanos not used pécales
accusative pécame pécate pécalo, pécala pécanos not used pécalos, pécalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative pecá
dative pecame pecate pecale pecanos not used pecales
accusative pecame pecate pecalo, pecala pecanos not used pecalos, pecalas
with formal second-person singular imperative peque
dative péqueme not used péquele, péquese péquenos not used péqueles
accusative péqueme not used péquelo, péquela, péquese péquenos not used péquelos, péquelas
with first-person plural imperative pequemos
dative not used pequémoste pequémosle pequémonos pequémoos pequémosles
accusative not used pequémoste pequémoslo, pequémosla pequémonos pequémoos pequémoslos, pequémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative pecad
dative pecadme not used pecadle pecadnos pecaos pecadles
accusative pecadme not used pecadlo, pecadla pecadnos pecaos pecadlos, pecadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative pequen
dative péquenme not used péquenle péquennos not used péquenles, péquense
accusative péquenme not used péquenlo, péquenla péquennos not used péquenlos, péquenlas, péquense

Derived terms

References

Further reading
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