nofio
Welsh
Etymology
From nawf (“swimming”) + -io, from Brythonic, from Proto-Celtic *snāmus, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)n̥h₂-mós, from *(s)neh₂- (“to swim”). Compare Middle Welsh nawf. Cognate with Cornish neuvya, Breton neuial (compare Middle Breton neuff).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈnɔvjɔ/
- Rhymes: -ɔvjɔ
Verb
nofio (first-person singular present nofiaf, not mutable)
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | nofiaf | nofi | nawf, nofia | nofiwn | nofiwch | nofiant | nofir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | nofiwn | nofit | nofiai | nofiem | nofiech | nofient | nofid | |
| preterite | nofiais | nofiaist | nofiodd | nofiasom | nofiasoch | nofiasant | nofiwyd | |
| pluperfect | nofiaswn | nofiasit | nofiasai | nofiasem | nofiasech | nofiasent | nofiasid, nofiesid | |
| present subjunctive | nofiwyf | nofiech | nofio | nofiom | nofioch | nofiont | nofier | |
| imperative | — | nawf, nofia | nofied | nofiwn | nofiwch | nofient | nofier | |
| verbal noun | nofio | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | nofiedig nofiadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | nofia i, nofiaf i | nofi di | nofith o/e/hi, nofiff e/hi | nofiwn ni | nofiwch chi | nofian nhw |
| conditional | nofiwn i, nofswn i | nofiet ti, nofset ti | nofiai fo/fe/hi, nofsai fo/fe/hi | nofien ni, nofsen ni | nofiech chi, nofsech chi | nofien nhw, nofsen nhw |
| preterite | nofiais i, nofies i | nofiaist ti, nofiest ti | nofiodd o/e/hi | nofion ni | nofioch chi | nofion nhw |
| imperative | — | nofia | — | — | nofiwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms
- arnofio (“to float”)
- nofio cefn (“back-stroke”)
- nofio broga (“breast-stroke”)
- nofiwr (“swimmer”)
- pwll nofio (“swimming pool”)
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “nofio”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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