midithir
Old Irish
FWOTD – 14 March 2020
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *medyetor, from Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to measure; give advice”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈmʲiðʲiθʲirʲ]
Verb
midithir (prototonic ·midethar, verbal noun mess)
- to weigh, to judge, to estimate
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 27a24
- Náchib·mided .i. náchib·berar i smachtu rechta fetarlicce, inna ndig et a mbiad, inna llíthu et a ssapati, act bad foirbthe far n‑iress.
- Let him not judge you, i.e. do not be borne into the institutions of the Law of the Old Testament, into their drink and their food, into their festivals and their sabbaths; but let your faith be perfect.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 56c10
- a mmïastar
- when he will judge
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 27a24
- to pass judgment (+ for (“on”))
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 6b22
- Ní latt aní ara·rethi et ní lat in cách forsa·mmitter.
- What you assail is not yours, and not everyone on whom you pass judgment is yours.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 30c9
- Ní digénam-ni nach ngním forna mmestar-som.
- We will do no work on which he may not pass judgment.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 6b22
Inflection
Simple, class B II present, suffixless preterite, s future, s subjunctive, deponent
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Abs. | midiur | mitter | midithir | midimmir | mitte | miditir | mittir | miditir |
| Conj. | ·midiur | ·mitter, ·mmitter, ·midter | ·midedar, ·midethar | ·midemmar | ·midid | ·midetar | ·mitter, ·mmitter | ·midetar | |
| Rel. | midedar, midethar | midemmar | midetar | ||||||
| Imperfect indicative | |||||||||
| Preterite | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | ·mídar | ·mídir, ·mídair | ·mídatar | ·mes, ·mess | |||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ro·mídar | ro·mídir, ru·mídair | ro·mídatar | ro·mes, ro·mess | ||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Abs. | messur, mesor | messer | mïastir, mïastair | messimir, messimmir | meste | messitir | mïastir, mïastair | messitir |
| Conj. | ·messur, ·mesor | ·messer | ·mïastar, ·mmïastar, ·míastar | ·messamar, ·messammar | ·messatar | ·mïastar, ·míastar | ·messatar | ||
| Rel. | mïastar, míastar | messamar, messammar | messatar | mïastar, míastar | messatar | ||||
| Conditional | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Abs. | messur, mesor | messer | mestir | messimir, messimmir | meste | messitir | mesair | messitir |
| Conj. | ·messur, ·mesor | ·messer | ·mestar | ·messamar, ·messammar | ·messatar | ·messar | ·messatar | ||
| Rel. | mestar | messamar, messammar | messatar | messatar | |||||
| Past subjunctive | ·messinn | ·messed | |||||||
| Imperative | mided | midid | |||||||
| Verbal noun | mes, mess | ||||||||
| Past participle | messe, meisse | ||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | messi | ||||||||
Derived terms
- ad·midethar
- ar·midethar
- con·midethar
- do·midethar
- forsa·mmitter
- fo·rémid
- imm·ruimdethar
- ·émid
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| midithir also mmidithir after a proclitic |
midithir pronounced with /ṽ(ʲ)-/ |
unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “midithir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, pages 577–578
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