lauseenvastike

lauseen (“of clause”) +‎ vastike (“substitute”)

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɑu̯seːnˌʋɑstikeˣ/, [ˈlɑ̝u̯s̠e̞ːnˌʋɑ̝s̠tik̟e̞(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -ɑstike
• Syllabification^(key): lau‧seen‧vas‧ti‧ke

lauseenvastike

1. (grammar) participial phrase (short phrase consisting of a participle and any modifiers, objects, and complements)

   väärä lauseenvastike

   dangling participle

2. (grammar) absolute construction

In Finnish lauseenvastike is defined as a structure, the content of which corresponds to a sentence, but which has no grammatical predicate. As the word indicates, a lauseenvastike may usually be replaced with a subordinate clause. Instead of a predicate, a lauseenvastike usually contains an infinitive or participle form of a verb. The English translation usually involves a participial phrase, sometimes an absolute construction. On the other hand, every English participial phrase may not be translated into Finnish with a lauseenvastike, but a subordinate clause must be used.

In spoken language lauseenvastike structures are seldom used, and the same idea is expressed with a subordinate clause instead.

• “lauseenvastike”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02