kelfa
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈcʰɛlva/
- Rhymes: -ɛlva
Verb
kelfa (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative kelfdi, supine kelft)
- (intransitive) to calve
- (transitive, with accusative, of cows) to impregnate
Conjugation
kelfa — active voice (germynd)
| infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að kelfa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) |
kelft | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
kelfandi | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) |
ég kelfi | við kelfum | present (nútíð) |
ég kelfi | við kelfum |
| þú kelfir | þið kelfið | þú kelfir | þið kelfið | ||
| hann, hún, það kelfir | þeir, þær, þau kelfa | hann, hún, það kelfi | þeir, þær, þau kelfi | ||
| past (þátíð) |
ég kelfdi | við kelfdum | past (þátíð) |
ég kelfdi | við kelfdum |
| þú kelfdir | þið kelfduð | þú kelfdir | þið kelfduð | ||
| hann, hún, það kelfdi | þeir, þær, þau kelfdu | hann, hún, það kelfdi | þeir, þær, þau kelfdu | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) |
kelf (þú) | kelfið (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| kelfdu | kelfiði * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
kelfast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
| infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að kelfast | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) |
kelfst | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
kelfandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) |
ég kelfist | við kelfumst | present (nútíð) |
ég kelfist | við kelfumst |
| þú kelfist | þið kelfist | þú kelfist | þið kelfist | ||
| hann, hún, það kelfist | þeir, þær, þau kelfast | hann, hún, það kelfist | þeir, þær, þau kelfist | ||
| past (þátíð) |
ég kelfdist | við kelfdumst | past (þátíð) |
ég kelfdist | við kelfdumst |
| þú kelfdist | þið kelfdust | þú kelfdist | þið kelfdust | ||
| hann, hún, það kelfdist | þeir, þær, þau kelfdust | hann, hún, það kelfdist | þeir, þær, þau kelfdust | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) |
kelfst (þú) | kelfist (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| kelfstu | kelfisti * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
kelfdur — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
| strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) |
kelfdur | kelfd | kelft | kelfdir | kelfdar | kelfd | |
| accusative (þolfall) |
kelfdan | kelfda | kelft | kelfda | kelfdar | kelfd | |
| dative (þágufall) |
kelfdum | kelfdri | kelfdu | kelfdum | kelfdum | kelfdum | |
| genitive (eignarfall) |
kelfds | kelfdrar | kelfds | kelfdra | kelfdra | kelfdra | |
| weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
| masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) |
kelfdi | kelfda | kelfda | kelfdu | kelfdu | kelfdu | |
| accusative (þolfall) |
kelfda | kelfdu | kelfda | kelfdu | kelfdu | kelfdu | |
| dative (þágufall) |
kelfda | kelfdu | kelfda | kelfdu | kelfdu | kelfdu | |
| genitive (eignarfall) |
kelfda | kelfdu | kelfda | kelfdu | kelfdu | kelfdu | |
Derived terms
- kelfing (“calving”)
Related terms
- kálfur (“calf”)
Old Norse
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *kalbijaną, North Germanic variant of *kalbōną (“to calve”).
Verb
kelfa (singular past indicative kelfir, plural past indicative keldir, past participle keldr)
- to calve
Conjugation
Conjugation of kelfa — active (weak class 1)
| infinitive | kelfa | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | kelfandi | |
| past participle | keldr | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | kelfi | kelda |
| 2nd-person singular | kelfir | keldir |
| 3rd-person singular | kelfir | keldi |
| 1st-person plural | kelfum | keldum |
| 2nd-person plural | kelfið | kelduð |
| 3rd-person plural | kelfa | keldu |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | kelfa | kelda |
| 2nd-person singular | kelfir | keldir |
| 3rd-person singular | kelfi | keldi |
| 1st-person plural | kelfim | keldim |
| 2nd-person plural | kelfið | keldið |
| 3rd-person plural | kelfi | keldi |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | kelf, kelfi | |
| 1st-person plural | kelfum | |
| 2nd-person plural | kelfið | |
Conjugation of kelfa — mediopassive (weak class 1)
| infinitive | kelfask | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | kelfandisk | |
| past participle | kelzk | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | kelfumk | keldumk |
| 2nd-person singular | kelfisk | keldisk |
| 3rd-person singular | kelfisk | keldisk |
| 1st-person plural | kelfumsk | keldumsk |
| 2nd-person plural | kelfizk | kelduzk |
| 3rd-person plural | kelfask | keldusk |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | kelfumk | keldumk |
| 2nd-person singular | kelfisk | keldisk |
| 3rd-person singular | kelfisk | keldisk |
| 1st-person plural | kelfimsk | keldimsk |
| 2nd-person plural | kelfizk | keldizk |
| 3rd-person plural | kelfisk | keldisk |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | kelfsk, kelfisk | |
| 1st-person plural | kelfumsk | |
| 2nd-person plural | kelfizk | |
Related terms
- kalfr m (“calf”)
References
- “kelfa”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
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