jumala
See also: Jumala
Estonian
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *jumala, from Proto-Finno-Permic *juma (“sky, god”), probably borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dyumā (compare Sanskrit द्युम्न (dyumna, “splendor”), Sanskrit द्युमत् (dyumat, “bright; an epithet of Indra”))[1] or earlier Indo-European. Cognates include Estonian jumal (“god”) and Erzya ёндол (jondol, “lightning”) (initial component).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈjumɑlɑ/, [ˈjumɑ̝lɑ̝]
- Rhymes: -umɑlɑ
- Syllabification(key): ju‧ma‧la
Declension
| Inflection of jumala (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | jumala | jumalat | ||
| genitive | jumalan | jumalien | ||
| partitive | jumalaa | jumalia | ||
| illative | jumalaan | jumaliin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | jumala | jumalat | ||
| accusative | nom. | jumala | jumalat | |
| gen. | jumalan | |||
| genitive | jumalan | jumalien jumalainrare | ||
| partitive | jumalaa | jumalia | ||
| inessive | jumalassa | jumalissa | ||
| elative | jumalasta | jumalista | ||
| illative | jumalaan | jumaliin | ||
| adessive | jumalalla | jumalilla | ||
| ablative | jumalalta | jumalilta | ||
| allative | jumalalle | jumalille | ||
| essive | jumalana | jumalina | ||
| translative | jumalaksi | jumaliksi | ||
| abessive | jumalatta | jumalitta | ||
| instructive | — | jumalin | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
| Possessive forms of jumala (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- Literary/archaic genitive plural: jumalten
Derived terms
compounds
- auringonjumala
- epäjumala
- jumalaapelkäävä
- jumalakeskeinen
- jumalakuva
- jumalanilma
- jumalankieltäjä
- jumalankuva
- jumalanluoma
- jumalanmurha
- jumalanpalvelus
- jumalanpelko
- jumalanpilkka
- jumalansana
- jumalanvilja
- jumalanäiti
- jumalasuhde
- jumalolento
- jumaltaru
- jumaltenpuu
- jumalusko
- kotijumala
- lemmenjumala
- merenjumala
- monijumalainen
- puolijumala
- puujumala
- rakkaudenjumala
- sodanjumala
- tuulenjumala
- viininjumala
- yksijumalainen
- ylijumala
- äitijumala
Related terms
Descendants
- →? Swedish: Jomala
References
- Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “jumala”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja (in Finnish), retrieved 2024-01-01
Further reading
- “jumala”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Ingrian
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈjumɑlɑ/, [ˈjumɑɫ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈjumɑːlɑ/, [ˈjumˑɑːɫɑ]
- Rhymes: -umɑl, -umɑːlɑ
- Hyphenation: ju‧ma‧la
Declension
| Declension of jumala (type 3/koira, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | jumala | jumalat |
| genitive | jumalan | jumaliin |
| partitive | jumalaa | jumalia |
| illative | jumalaa | jumalii |
| inessive | jumalaas | jumaliis |
| elative | jumalast | jumalist |
| allative | jumalalle | jumalille |
| adessive | jumalaal | jumaliil |
| ablative | jumalalt | jumalilt |
| translative | jumalaks | jumaliks |
| essive | jumalanna, jumalaan | jumalinna, jumaliin |
| exessive1) | jumalant | jumalint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
Derived terms
Karelian
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