jꜥb

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Verb
ia
W10		 b

 3-lit. or 3ae inf.

  1. (transitive) to unite, to put together (the limbs or bones of a dead person or Osiris)
  2. (transitive, in the stative) to be collected, assembled, to be all together (+ ḥnꜥ: to be united with)
  3. (intransitive or reflexive) to unify, to unite, to assemble (+ ḥnꜥ: with)
  4. (transitive or reflexive with n) to join (someone)
  5. (transitive) to present (offerings or gifts) (+ n: to (someone))
  6. (transitive) to give a gift to (someone) (+ m or ẖr: of (something)) [Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection

In the Old Kingdom, this verb conjugated as a strong triliteral verb:

Conjugation of jꜥb (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jꜥb, geminated stem: jꜥbb
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
jꜥb
 jꜥbw, jꜥb
 jꜥbt
 jꜥb
 jꜥb
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
jꜥb
 ḥr jꜥb
 m jꜥb
 r jꜥb
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect jꜥb.n
 jꜥbw, jꜥb
 consecutive jꜥb.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative jꜥbt
perfective3 jꜥb
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 jꜥb.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective jꜥb
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 jꜥb
 jꜥbb
 potentialis1 jꜥb.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive jꜥb
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect jꜥb.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective jꜥb
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 jꜥb
 jꜥb, jꜥbw5, jꜥby5
imperfective jꜥb, jꜥby, jꜥbw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 jꜥb, jꜥbj6, jꜥby6
 jꜥb, jꜥbw5
prospective jꜥb, jꜥbtj7
 — jꜥbtj4, jꜥbt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Since the Middle Kingdom, it instead became a third weak verb:

Conjugation of jꜥb (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ꜥb, geminated stem: ꜥbb
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ꜥbt, ꜥbj
 ꜥbw, ꜥb
 ꜥbt, ꜥbwt, ꜥbyt
 ꜥb
 ꜥb, ꜥby
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ꜥb8, ꜥbb8
 ḥr ꜥbt, ḥr ꜥbj
 m ꜥbt, m ꜥbj
 r ꜥbt, r ꜥbj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect ꜥb.n
 ꜥbw, ꜥb, ꜥby
 consecutive ꜥb.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative ꜥbt, ꜥbyt
perfective3 ꜥb
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 ꜥb.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective ꜥb, ꜥby
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 ꜥbw, ꜥb, ꜥby
 ꜥbw, ꜥb, ꜥby
 potentialis1 ꜥb.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive ꜥb, ꜥby
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect ꜥb.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective ꜥbw1, ꜥby, ꜥb
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ꜥb
 ꜥby, ꜥb
imperfective ꜥbb, ꜥbby, ꜥbbw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ꜥbb, ꜥbbj6, ꜥbby6
 ꜥbb, ꜥbbw5
prospective ꜥbw1, ꜥby, ꜥb, ꜥbtj7
 — ꜥbwtj1 4, ꜥbtj4, ꜥbt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  8. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜥb  
iabW10
iab
U116
ia
W10
iabW10
S36C
abdbY1V
jꜥb jꜥb jꜥb jꜥb ꜥb
[Old Kingdom] [Old Kingdom] [Old Kingdom] [Middle Kingdom] [Middle Kingdom]
in hieratic
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜥb  
iabdb
Y1
iabW10
Y1
ia
W10		 bY1V
abW10
a
W10		 b
D59W10
W10
R7		 db
jꜥb jꜥb jꜥb ꜥb ꜥb ꜥb ꜥbꜣ
[New Kingdom] [New Kingdom] [New Kingdom] [New Kingdom] [New Kingdom] [New Kingdom] [Greco-Roman Period]

Derived terms

Noun
iabW10

 m

  1. bowl, especially a small bowl used for incense (attached to a censer’s handle) or a scribe’s water bowl

Inflection
Declension of jꜥb (masculine)
singular jꜥb
dual jꜥbwj
plural jꜥbw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜥb  
a
a		 bW10
Aa
a		 bWW10
ꜥꜥb ꜣꜥꜥbw
[New Kingdom] [19th–20th Dynasty]
in hieratic

Verb
iabdb

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to rake together and heap up (grain) with a pitchfork [Old Kingdom]

Inflection
Conjugation of jꜥb (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jꜥb, geminated stem: jꜥbb
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
jꜥb
 jꜥbw, jꜥb
 jꜥbt
 jꜥb
 jꜥb
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
jꜥb
 ḥr jꜥb
 m jꜥb
 r jꜥb
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect jꜥb.n
 jꜥbw, jꜥb
 consecutive jꜥb.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative jꜥbt
perfective3 jꜥb
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 jꜥb.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective jꜥb
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 jꜥb
 jꜥbb
 potentialis1 jꜥb.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive jꜥb
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect jꜥb.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective jꜥb
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 jꜥb
 jꜥb, jꜥbw5, jꜥby5
imperfective jꜥb, jꜥby, jꜥbw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 jꜥb, jꜥbj6, jꜥby6
 jꜥb, jꜥbw5
prospective jꜥb, jꜥbtj7
 — jꜥbtj4, jꜥbt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Derived terms
  • ꜥbwt

References
  • “jꜥb (lemma ID 21680)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • “jꜥb (lemma ID 21670)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • “jꜥb (lemma ID 21660)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 40.8–41.2
  • Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 10–11, 38
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 455.
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