ibar

Basque

Etymology

From Proto-Basque *ibar.

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)
  • IPA(key): /ibar/ [i.β̞ar]
  • Rhymes: -ibar
  • Hyphenation: i‧bar

Noun

ibar inan

  1. valley

Declension
Declension of ibar (inanimate, ending in -r)
indefinite singular plural
absolutive ibar ibarra ibarrak
ergative ibarrek ibarrak ibarrek
dative ibarri ibarrari ibarrei
genitive ibarren ibarraren ibarren
comitative ibarrekin ibarrarekin ibarrekin
causative ibarrengatik ibarrarengatik ibarrengatik
benefactive ibarrentzat ibarrarentzat ibarrentzat
instrumental ibarrez ibarraz ibarrez
inessive ibarretan ibarrean ibarretan
locative ibarretako ibarreko ibarretako
allative ibarretara ibarrera ibarretara
terminative ibarretaraino ibarreraino ibarretaraino
directive ibarretarantz ibarrerantz ibarretarantz
destinative ibarretarako ibarrerako ibarretarako
ablative ibarretatik ibarretik ibarretatik
partitive ibarrik — —
prolative ibartzat — —

Synonyms

Further reading
  • "ibar" in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], euskaltzaindia.eus
  • “ibar” in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], euskaltzaindia.eus

Dupaningan Agta

Noun

ibar

  1. saliva; spit

Latin

Verb

ībar

  1. first-person singular imperfect passive indicative of eō

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *eburos. Cognate with Middle Welsh efwr (“hogweed”).[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈi.vər/

Noun

ibar m (genitive ibair, nominative plural ibair)

  1. yew

Inflection
Masculine o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ibar ibarL ibairL
Vocative ibair ibarL ibruH
Accusative ibarN ibarL ibruH
Genitive ibairL ibar ibarN
Dative iburL ibraib ibraib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants
  • Irish: iúr, iobhar; úr
  • Manx: euar
  • Scottish Gaelic: iubhar

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
ibar unchanged n-ibar
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*eburo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 112-113

Further reading
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