úr
Faroese
Etymology
From Old Norse úr (“out of”), from Proto-Germanic *uz (“out, out of”).
Antonyms
- í (“in”)
Hungarian
Etymology
- From Proto-Finno-Ugric *urɜ (“man, male”).[1]
Less likely
- Borrowed from a Turkic language before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries), from Proto-Turkic *ūŕ (“master, craftsman”). Compare Karakhanid اُوزْ (ūz, “skillful”) and Mongolian ур (ur, “handicraft, skill, craft”) which was probably also borrowed from Turkic.
- From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hsu-Hri-, cf. Sanskrit sūrí (“lord, sacrificial lord”) [2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈuːr]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -uːr
Noun
úr (plural urak)
- master (someone who has control over something or someone)
- (Judaism, Christianity, capitalized) Lord
- 1908, revised Bible translation of Gáspár Károlyi, Isaiah 48:17:
- Így szól az Úr, Megváltód, Izráelnek Szentje: Én vagyok az Úr, Istened, ki tanítlak hasznosra, és vezetlek oly úton, a melyen járnod kell.
- Thus says the Lord, your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel: I am the Lord your God, who teaches you for your own good, who leads you in the way you should go.
- Synonym: Isten
- 1908, revised Bible translation of Gáspár Károlyi, Isaiah 48:17:
- gentleman
- (on its own, with a first-person possessive suffix) sir, gentleman (term of address)
- Coordinate terms: asszonyom, hölgyem (also with a possessive suffix), kisasszony, fiatalember
- Uram! ― Sir!
- Hölgyeim és uraim! ― Ladies and gentlemen!
- (after surnames and certain occupational titles) Mr, Mr. (or omitted in English)
- Kovács úr ― Mr. Kovács (literally, “Mr. Smith”)
- doktor úr, mérnök úr, tanár/professzor úr, igazgató úr, bíró úr, often also nyomozó úr, író úr ― Doctor, Engineer, Professor, Manager, Judge; Inspector, Writer (especially as terms of address, cf. Your Honour)
- Coordinate terms: asszony, -nő
- (with a possessive suffix, dated, folksy) husband
- Az urammal egy vonatúton ismerkedtünk meg. ― My husband and I met each other on a train ride.
- Synonyms: férj, férjeura
Declension
Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | úr | urak |
accusative | urat | urakat |
dative | úrnak | uraknak |
instrumental | úrral | urakkal |
causal-final | úrért | urakért |
translative | úrrá | urakká |
terminative | úrig | urakig |
essive-formal | úrként | urakként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | úrban | urakban |
superessive | úron | urakon |
adessive | úrnál | uraknál |
illative | úrba | urakba |
sublative | úrra | urakra |
allative | úrhoz | urakhoz |
elative | úrból | urakból |
delative | úrról | urakról |
ablative | úrtól | uraktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
úré | uraké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
úréi | urakéi |
Possessive forms of úr | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | uram | uraim |
2nd person sing. | urad | uraid |
3rd person sing. | ura | urai |
1st person plural | urunk | uraink |
2nd person plural | uratok | uraitok |
3rd person plural | uruk | uraik |
Derived terms
- apjaura
- bátyjaura
- fiatalúr
- földesúr
- főúr
- hadúr
- háziúr
- hűbérúr
- ifiúr
- kegyúr
- kényúr
- nagyúr
- önkényúr
- öregúr
- szobaúr
- tartományúr
- teremburáját (from teremtő + urát)
- ténsúr
- várúr
- zászlósúr
References
- Entry #1094 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- Holopainen, Sampsa (2016). "On the etymology of Hungarian úr ‘lord, gentleman’ and its possible cognates". Folia Uralica Debreceniensia 23, 57–68.
Further reading
- úr in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /uːr/
- Rhymes: -uːr
Etymology 1
From Middle Low German ur(e), from Old French ore (“time”).
Declension
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Old Norse ór (“out of”), from Proto-Germanic *uz (“out, out of”). More at or-.
Preposition
úr
Derived terms
- bæta úr skák
- draga úr
- fara úr öskunni í eldinn
- ganga úr skugga um
- hrista fram úr erminni
- láta hendur standa fram úr ermum
- skara fram úr
- velta upp úr brauðmylsnu
- velta upp úr hveiti
- vera eins og álfur út úr hól
Irish
Etymology 1
From Middle Irish úr, from Old Irish úr (“fresh, new”),[3] from Proto-Celtic *ɸūros, from Proto-Indo-European *puHrós, which derives from Proto-Indo-European *pewH- (“to be clean, pure”); see also Latin pūrus.[4]
Adjective
úr (genitive singular masculine úir, genitive singular feminine úire, plural úra, comparative úire)
Declension
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Declension
Third declension
Bare forms (no plural of this noun)
|
Forms with the definite article:
|
Declension
Mutation
Irish mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
úr | n-úr | húr | t-úr |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 86
- Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 95
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 úr”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “úr”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Entries containing “úr” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “úr” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Old Norse
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *ūrą, from Proto-Indo-European *uh₁r-, zero grade form of *weh₁r- (“water”).