goddef

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh goðef, from Proto-Brythonic *gwoðėβ̃jɨd, from Proto-Celtic *uɸodamyeti (compare Old Irish fo·daim).

Pronunciation
  • (North Wales, standard) IPA(key): /ˈɡɔðɛv/
  • (South Wales, standard) IPA(key): /ˈɡoːðɛv/, /ˈɡɔðɛv/
    • (South Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈɡoːðɛ/, /ˈɡɔðɛ/

Verb

goddef (first-person singular present goddefaf)

  1. (transitive) to suffer, to endure, to stand, to put up with
    Alla i ddim goddef y peth.
    I can't stand it.
  2. (transitive) to permit, to allow, to let

Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future goddefaf goddefi goddefa goddefwn goddefwch goddefant goddefir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional		 goddefwn goddefit goddefai goddefem goddefech goddefent goddefid
preterite goddefais goddefaist goddefodd goddefasom goddefasoch goddefasant goddefwyd
pluperfect goddefaswn goddefasit goddefasai goddefasem goddefasech goddefasent goddefasid, goddefesid
present subjunctive goddefwyf goddefych goddefo goddefom goddefoch goddefont goddefer
imperative — goddefa goddefed goddefwn goddefwch goddefent goddefer
verbal noun goddef
verbal adjectives goddefedig
goddefadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future goddefa i, goddefaf i goddefi di goddefith o/e/hi, goddefiff e/hi goddefwn ni goddefwch chi goddefan nhw
conditional goddefwn i, goddefswn i goddefet ti, goddefset ti goddefai fo/fe/hi, goddefsai fo/fe/hi goddefen ni, goddefsen ni goddefech chi, goddefsech chi goddefen nhw, goddefsen nhw
preterite goddefais i, goddefes i goddefaist ti, goddefest ti goddefodd o/e/hi goddefon ni goddefoch chi goddefon nhw
imperative — goddefa — — goddefwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
goddef oddef ngoddef unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “goddef”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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