gobeithio
Welsh
Etymology
Denominative verb from gobaith (“hope”) + -io.
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ɡɔˈbei̯θjɔ/
- (South Wales, standard) IPA(key): /ɡɔˈbei̯θjɔ/
- (South Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ɡɔˈbei̯θɔ/, /ɡɔˈbiːθɔ/
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | gobeithiaf | gobeithi | gobeithi, gobeithia | gobeithiwn | gobeithiwch | gobeithiant | gobeithir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | gobeithiwn | gobeithit | gobeithiai | gobeithiem | gobeithiech | gobeithient | gobeithid | |
| preterite | gobeithiais | gobeithiaist | gobeithiodd | gobeithiasom | gobeithiasoch | gobeithiasant | gobeithiwyd | |
| pluperfect | gobeithiaswn | gobeithiasit | gobeithiasai | gobeithiasem | gobeithiasech | gobeithiasent | gobeithiasid, gobeithiesid | |
| present subjunctive | gobeithiwyf | gobeithiech | gobeithio | gobeithiom | gobeithioch | gobeithiont | gobeithier | |
| imperative | — | gobeithi, gobeithia | gobeithied | gobeithiwn | gobeithiwch | gobeithient | gobeithier | |
| verbal noun | gobeithio | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | gobeithiedig gobeithiadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | gobeithia i, gobeithiaf i | gobeithi di | gobeithith o/e/hi, gobeithiff e/hi | gobeithiwn ni | gobeithiwch chi | gobeithian nhw |
| conditional | gobeithiwn i, gobeithswn i | gobeithiet ti, gobeithset ti | gobeithiai fo/fe/hi, gobeithsai fo/fe/hi | gobeithien ni, gobeithsen ni | gobeithiech chi, gobeithsech chi | gobeithien nhw, gobeithsen nhw |
| preterite | gobeithiais i, gobeithies i | gobeithiaist ti, gobeithiest ti | gobeithiodd o/e/hi | gobeithion ni | gobeithioch chi | gobeithion nhw |
| imperative | — | gobeithia | — | — | gobeithiwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Adverb
gobeithio
- hopefully (it is hoped that) (sentence adverb)
- Gobeithio byddi di’n well yn fuan.
- Hopefully you'll be better soon.
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| gobeithio | obeithio | ngobeithio | unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
References
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gobeithio”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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