gairid
Irish
Pronunciation
Adjective
gairid (genitive singular masculine gairid, genitive singular feminine gairide, plural gairide, comparative gairide)
- short (having a small distance between ends or edges; having little duration)
Declension
Declension of gairid
| Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
| Nominative | gairid | ghairid | gairide; ghairide² | |
| Vocative | ghairid | gairide | ||
| Genitive | gairide | gairide | gairid | |
| Dative | gairid; ghairid¹ |
ghairid | gairide; ghairide² | |
| Comparative | níos gairide | |||
| Superlative | is gairide | |||
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
Synonyms
Mutation
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| gairid | ghairid | ngairid |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 146, page 75
- Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 104, page 41
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gairid”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *garyeti, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r-; cognate with Latin garriō (“chatter”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɡarʲiðʲ/
Verb
gairid (conjunct ·gair, verbal noun gairm)
- to call
- Synonym: do·gair
- c. 750-800 Torche na nDessi from Laud 610, published in "The Expulsion of the Déssi", Ériu 3 (1907), edited by Kuno Meyer, pp. 135-142, line 171
- "Gairthir [Congraid, Rawl.] damsa tra," ar Lugith, "bar n-drúidi .i. Droch ⁊ Cecht." Con·gairter dó.
- "Call to me, then," Lugaid said, "all your druids, including Droch and Cecht." They were called to him.
- c. 775, “Táin Bó Fraích”, in Book of Leinster; republished as Ernst Windisch, editor, Táin bó Fraích, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1974, line 262:
- "Gairid damsa Findabair!", ol sé. Do·tháet Findabair cucai, ⁊ coíca ingen impe.
- "Call Findabair over to me!" [Ailill] said. Findabair came to [Ailill], with fifty maidens around her.
Inflection
Simple, class B II present, t preterite, é future, a subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Abs. | gairiu, gairim | gairi | gairid | gairmi | gairthe | gairit | ||
| Conj. | ·gairiu, gairim | ·gairi | ·gair | ·gairem | ·gairid | ·gairet | |||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Imperfect indicative | |||||||||
| Preterite | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Conditional | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Past subjunctive | |||||||||
| Imperative | gairid | gairthir | |||||||
| Verbal noun | gairm | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Derived terms
- ad·gair
- ar·focair
- ar·gair
- as·congair
- con·gair
- do·airngir
- do·gair
- do·imgair
- do·ingair
- du·acair
- for·congair
- for·dingair
- fo·úacair
- fris·gair
- imm·freccair
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| gairid | gairid pronounced with /ɣ(ʲ)-/ |
ngairid |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “gairid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 533
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