gären
German
Etymology
From Middle High German jesen, from Old High German jesan, from Proto-Germanic *jesaną. Variants with dissimilative hardening j- → g- before front vowels occur since Middle High German. The internal -r- is from the past forms (as in verlieren, schlagen), in part perhaps also from the causative Old High German jerien (“to make ferment”), from Proto-Germanic *jazjaną. These developments were reinforced by association with the originally unrelated gar (“fully cooked”). Related to Gischt, English yeast.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɡɛːrən/, [ˈɡɛː.ʁən], [ˈɡeː-], [-ɐn], [ˈɡɛ(ː)ɐ̯n]
(file) - Homophone: gern (chiefly in casual speech)
Verb
gären (class 4 strong or weak, third-person singular present gärt, past tense gor or gärte, past participle gegoren or gegärt, past subjunctive göre or gärte, auxiliary haben or sein)
Usage notes
- In the literal sense, the past tense is now usually gärte, though gor exists as an alternative. The past participle predominantly remains strong (gegoren). In the figurative sense, only weak forms are commonly used.
Conjugation
infinitive | gären | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | gärend | ||||
past participle | gegoren gegärt | ||||
auxiliary | haben or sein | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich gäre | wir gären | i | ich gäre | wir gären |
du gärst | ihr gärt | du gärest | ihr gäret | ||
er gärt | sie gären | er gäre | sie gären | ||
preterite | ich gor ich gärte |
wir goren wir gärten |
ii | ich göre1 ich gärte1 |
wir gören1 wir gärten1 |
du gorst du gärtest |
ihr gort ihr gärtet |
du görest1 du görst1 du gärtest1 |
ihr göret1 ihr gört1 ihr gärtet1 | ||
er gor er gärte |
sie goren sie gärten |
er göre1 er gärte1 |
sie gören1 sie gärten1 | ||
imperative | gär (du) gäre (du) |
gärt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.