dwn

Egyptian

Etymology

From Proto-Afroasiatic *ṭVwl- (“long, far”); compare Arabic طَوِيل (ṭawīl, “tall, long”).[1]

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈtʼaːwan/ → /ˈtʼaːwan/ → /ˈtʼaːwən/ → /ˈtʼoːwən/

Verb
dwn
n		 D54

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to stretch out
  2. (intransitive) to be(come) stretched out

Inflection
Conjugation of dwn (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: dwn, geminated stem: dwnn
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
dwn
 dwnw, dwn
 dwnt
 dwn
 dwn
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
dwn
 ḥr dwn
 m dwn
 r dwn
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect dwn.n
 dwnw, dwn
 consecutive dwn.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative dwnt
perfective3 dwn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 dwn.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective dwn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 dwn
 dwnn
 potentialis1 dwn.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive dwn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect dwn.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective dwn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 dwn
 dwn, dwnw5, dwny5
imperfective dwn, dwny, dwnw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 dwn, dwnj6, dwny6
 dwn, dwnw5
prospective dwn, dwntj7
 — dwntj4, dwnt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Descendants
  • Demotic: twn
    • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲛ (tōn), ⲧⲱⲛⲉ (tōne)
    • Bohairic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ (tōoun), ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ (tōounou)
    • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ (tōoun)
    • Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ (tōoun), ⲧⲱⲱⲛ (tōōn), ⲧⲱⲛ (tōn), ⲧⲱⲛⲉ (tōne)
    • Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ (tōoun), ⲧⲱⲱⲛ (tōōn)

References
  1. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 32
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