brón

See also: bron, broń, bróń, and bròn

Irish

Pronunciation
  • (Munster) IPA(key): /bˠɾˠoːn̪ˠ/, [bˠɾˠõːn̪ˠ]
  • (Aran) IPA(key): /bˠɾˠoːn/
  • (Cois Fharraige) IPA(key): /bˠɾˠuːn̪ˠ/
  • (Mayo, Ulster) IPA(key): /bˠɾˠoːnˠ/, /bˠɾˠoːn̪ˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish brón.

Noun

brón m (genitive singular bróin)

  1. sorrow
    Tá brón orm
    I'm sorry
    (literally, “Sorrow is on me”)
Declension
Declension of brón

First declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun)

Case Singular
Nominative brón
Vocative a bhróin
Genitive bróin
Dative brón

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular
Nominative an brón
Genitive an bhróin
Dative leis an mbrón

don bhrón

Derived terms
  • brat bróin (“pall”)
  • brónach (“sorrowful”, adjective)
  • mo bhrón (“alas”)
  • tá brón orm (“I'm sorry”)
  • brónaí f (“sorrowfulness”)

Verb

brón (present analytic brónann, future analytic brónfaidh, verbal noun brónadh, past participle brónta)

  1. (transitive) grieve
    An ní nach bhfeiceann súil ní bhrónann croí. (proverb)
    What the eye sees not the heart rues not.
Conjugation
conjugation of brón (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present brónaim brónann tú;
brónair†		 brónann sé, sí brónaimid brónann sibh brónann siad;
brónaid†		 a bhrónann; a bhrónas /
a mbrónann*; a mbrónas*		 bróntar
past bhrón mé; bhrónas bhrón tú; bhrónais bhrón sé, sí bhrónamar; bhrón muid bhrón sibh; bhrónabhair bhrón siad; bhrónadar a bhrón /
ar bhrón*		 brónadh
past habitual bhrónainn / mbrónainn‡‡ bhróntá / mbróntᇇ bhrónadh sé, sí / mbrónadh sé, s퇇 bhrónaimis; bhrónadh muid / mbrónaimis‡‡; mbrónadh muid‡‡ bhrónadh sibh / mbrónadh sibh‡‡ bhrónaidís; bhrónadh siad / mbrónaidís‡‡; mbrónadh siad‡‡ a bhrónadh /
a mbrónadh*		 bhróntaí / mbrónta퇇
future brónfaidh mé;
brónfad		 brónfaidh tú;
brónfair†		 brónfaidh sé, sí brónfaimid;
brónfaidh muid		 brónfaidh sibh brónfaidh siad;
brónfaid†		 a bhrónfaidh; a bhrónfas /
a mbrónfaidh*; a mbrónfas*		 brónfar
conditional bhrónfainn / mbrónfainn‡‡ bhrónfá / mbrónfᇇ bhrónfadh sé, sí / mbrónfadh sé, s퇇 bhrónfaimis; bhrónfadh muid / mbrónfaimis‡‡; mbrónfadh muid‡‡ bhrónfadh sibh / mbrónfadh sibh‡‡ bhrónfaidís; bhrónfadh siad / mbrónfaidís‡‡; mbrónfadh siad‡‡ a bhrónfadh /
a mbrónfadh*		 bhrónfaí / mbrónfa퇇
subjunctive present go mbróna mé;
go mbrónad†		 go mbróna tú;
go mbrónair†		 go mbróna sé, sí go mbrónaimid;
go mbróna muid		 go mbróna sibh go mbróna siad;
go mbrónaid†		 — go mbróntar
past dá mbrónainn dá mbróntá dá mbrónadh sé, sí dá mbrónaimis;
dá mbrónadh muid		 dá mbrónadh sibh dá mbrónaidís;
dá mbrónadh siad		 — dá mbróntaí
imperative brónaim brón brónadh sé, sí brónaimis brónaigí;
brónaidh†		 brónaidís — bróntar
verbal noun brónadh
past participle brónta

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Descendants
  • →⇒ Yola: murreen

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

brón

  1. (dialectal, archaic) genitive singular of bró

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
brón bhrón mbrón
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *brugnos (“sadness, pain”)[1] (also reconstructible as *bruginos, *broginos, *brognos),[2] of uncertain further origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷruHǵʰ-nó-, from the root *gʷrewHǵʰ- (“to bite”) + *-nós, though the laryngeal makes this problematic; alternatively from *bʰreg- (“to break”) or another root.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /broːn/

Noun

brón m (genitive bróin, no plural)

  1. sorrow, grief, lamentation, distress, burden
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 5d25
      "brón caích bad brón dúibsi" glosses flete cum flentibus
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 16b8
      "ni far mbrón si ..." glosses contristati
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 129c6
      "in brón" glosses mestitudinem

Inflection
Masculine o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative brón brónL bróinL
Vocative bróin brónL brónuH
Accusative brónN brónL brónuH
Genitive bróinL brón brónN
Dative brónL brónaib brónaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms
  • brónach (“sorrowful, grieving, sad”)

Descendants

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
brón brón
pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/		 mbrón
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “brón”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN, page 52
  2. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*brugno-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 80–81

Further reading
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