beir

See also: beír

Irish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /bʲɛɾʲ/

Etymology 1

From Middle Irish beirid, from Old Irish beirid. Cognate with English bear, Latin ferō, Sanskrit भरति (bharati).

Verb

beir (present analytic beireann, future analytic béarfaidh, verbal noun breith, past participle beirthe) (transitive, intransitive)

  1. bear, give birth to (of persons, usually autonomously with do)
    Rug sí lao. ― She bore a calf.
    Rugadh iníon di. ― A calf was born to her.
  2. lay (of birds)
  3. bear away, win
  4. bring, take
  5. proceed, advance
Conjugation
conjugation of beir (irregular)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present beirim beireann tú;
beirir†		 beireann sé, sí beirimid;
beireann muid		 beireann sibh beireann siad;
beirid†		 a bheireann; a bheireas /
a mbeireann*; a mbeireas*		 beirtear
past rug mé;
rugas		 rug tú;
rugais		 rug sé, sí rugamar;
rug muid		 rug sibh;
rugabhair		 rug siad;
rugadar		 a rug /
ar rug*		 rugadh
past habitual bheirinn / mbeirinn‡‡ bheirteá / mbeirteᇇ bheireadh sé, sí / mbeireadh sé, s퇇 bheirimis;
bheireadh muid / mbeirimis‡‡;
mbeireadh muid‡‡		 bheireadh sibh / mbeireadh sibh‡‡ bheiridís; bheireadh siad / mbeiridís‡‡; mbeireadh siad‡‡ a bheireadh /
a mbeireadh*		 bheirtí / mbeirt퇇
future béarfaidh mé;
béarfad		 béarfaidh tú;
béarfair†		 béarfaidh sé, sí béarfaimid;
béarfaidh muid		 béarfaidh sibh béarfaidh siad;
béarfaid†		 a bhéarfaidh, a bhéarfas /
a mbéarfaidh*, a mbéarfas*		 béarfar
conditional bhéarfainn / mbéarfainn‡‡ bhéarfá / mbéarfᇇ bhéarfadh sé, sí / mbéarfadh sé, s퇇 bhéarfaimis;
bhéarfadh muid / mbéarfaimis‡‡;
mbéarfadh muid‡‡		 bhéarfadh sibh / mbéarfadh sibh‡‡ bhéarfaidís;
bhéarfadh siad / mbéarfaidís‡‡;
mbéarfadh siad‡‡		 a bhéarfadh /
a mbéarfadh*		 bhéarfaí / mbéarfa퇇
subjunctive present go mbeire mé;
go mbeiread†		 go mbeire tú;
go mbeirir†		 go mbeire sé, sí go mbeirimid;
go mbeire muid		 go mbeire sibh go mbeire siad;
go mbeirid†		 — go mbeirtear
past dá mbeirinn dá mbeirteá dá mbeireadh sé, sí dá mbeirimis;
dá mbeireadh muid		 dá mbeireadh sibh dá mbeiridís; dá mbeireadh siad — dá mbeirtí
imperative beirim beir beireadh sé, sí beirimis beirigí;
beiridh†		 beiridís — beirtear
verbal noun breith
past participle beirthe

*indirect relative
† dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

In Munster, past indicative forms built on the form riug are encountered:

  • riugas (1st person singular)
  • riugais (2nd person singular)
  • riug (analytic)
  • riugamar (1st person plural)
  • riugabhair (2nd person plural)
  • riugadar (3rd person plural)
Derived terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

beir

  1. (literary, Munster) second-person singular future of bí
    Beir ana-shásta ansin.
    You will be very happy there.
Usage notes

The modern standard form is the analytic construction beidh tú.

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
beir bheir mbeir
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

Old Irish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /bʲerʲ/

Verb

beir

  1. second-person singular imperative of beirid

·beir

  1. third-person singular present conjunct of beirid

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
·beir ·beir
pronounced with /-v(ʲ)-/		 ·mbeir
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish beirid.

Verb

beir (past rug, future beiridh, verbal noun breith, past participle beirte)

  1. give birth to
  2. ‘beir air’: carry, catch; catch up with; overtake; catch hold of
  3. ‘beir’ without ‘air’: give birth to

Conjugation
Conjugation of beir (irregular)
singular plural impersonal
first second third m/f first second third
independent past rug mi rug thu rug e/i rug sinn rug sibh rug iad rugadh
future beiridh mi beiridh tu beiridh e/i beiridh sinn beiridh sibh beiridh iad beirear
conditional bheirinn bheireadh tu bheireadh e/i bheireadh sinn
bheireamaid		 bheireadh sibh bheireadh iad bheirte(adh)
bheirist(e)1
negative past cha do rug mi cha do rug thu cha do rug e/i cha do rug sinn cha do rug sibh cha do rug iad cha do rugadh
future cha bheir mi cha bheir thu cha bheir e/i cha bheir sinn cha bheir sibh cha bheir iad cha bheirear
conditional cha bheirinn cha bheireadh tu cha bheireadh e/i cha bheireadh sinn
cha bheireamaid		 cha bheireadh sibh cha bheireadh iad cha bheirte(adh)
cha bheirist(e)1
affirmative
interrogative		 past an do rug mi? an do rug thu? an do rug e/i? an do rug sinn? an do rug sibh? an do rug iad? an do rugadh?
future am beir mi? am beir thu? am beir e/i? am beir sinn? am beir sibh? am beir iad? am beirear?
conditional am beirinn? am beireadh tu? am beireadh e/i? am beireadh sinn?
am beireamaid?		 am beireadh sibh? am beireadh iad? am beirte(adh)?
am beirist(e)?1
negative
interrogative		 past nach do rug mi? nach do rug tu? nach do rug e/i? nach do rug sinn? nach do rug sibh? nach do rug iad? nach do rugadh?
future nach beir mi? nach beir thu? nach beir e/i? nach beir sinn? nach beir sibh? nach beir iad? nach beirear?
conditional nach beirinn? nach beireadh tu? nach beireadh e/i? nach beireadh sinn?
nach beireamaid?		 nach beireadh sibh? nach beireadh iad? nach beirte(adh)?
nach beirist(e)?1
relative future (a) bheireas mi (a) bheireas tu (a) bheireas e/i (a) bheireas sinn (a) bheireas sibh (a) bheireas iad (a) bheirear
imperative beiream! beir! beireadh e/i! beireamaid! beiribh! beireadh iad! beirear!
verbal noun breith, beirsinn
past participle beirte

1 Lewis dialect form

References
  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “beir”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “beirid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

West Flemish

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch bēre, from Old Dutch *bero, from Proto-West Germanic *berō.

Noun

beir m (plural beirn)

  1. bear (large predatory mammal of the family Ursidae)
  2. (figurative) person who is physically impressive and/or crude

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch bêer, from Old Dutch *bēr, from Proto-West Germanic *bair.

Noun

beir m (plural beirn)

  1. boar (male swine)
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