arafu
Welsh
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /aˈravɨ̞/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /aˈra(ː)vi/
- Rhymes: -avɨ̞
Verb
arafu (first-person singular present arafaf)
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | arafiaf | arefi | arafi, arafia | arafiwn | arefiwch, arafiwch | arafiant | arefir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | arafiwn | arefit | arafiai | arafiem | arafiech | arafient | arefid | |
| preterite | arefiais | arefiaist | arafiodd | arafiasom | arafiasoch | arafiasant | arafiwyd | |
| pluperfect | arafiaswn | arafiasit | arafiasai | arafiasem | arafiasech | arafiasent | arafiasid, arafiesid | |
| present subjunctive | arafiwyf | arefiech | arafio | arafiom | arafioch | arafiont | arafier | |
| imperative | — | arafi, arafia | arafied | arafiwn | arefiwch, arafiwch | arafient | arafier | |
| verbal noun | arafu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | arafiedig arafiadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | arafa i, arafaf i | arafi di | arafith o/e/hi, arafiff e/hi | arafwn ni | arafwch chi | arafan nhw |
| conditional | arafwn i, arafswn i | arafet ti, arafset ti | arafai fo/fe/hi, arafsai fo/fe/hi | arafen ni, arafsen ni | arafech chi, arafsech chi | arafen nhw, arafsen nhw |
| preterite | arafais i, arafes i | arafaist ti, arafest ti | arafodd o/e/hi | arafon ni | arafoch chi | arafon nhw |
| imperative | — | arafa | — | — | arafwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms
- arafiad m (“deceleration”)
- arafwr m (“decelerator”)
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
| arafu | unchanged | unchanged | harafu |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “arafu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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