achãar

See also: achaar

Old Galician-Portuguese

Alternative forms

Etymology

Attested since the 13th century, used by Alfonso X, from Latin applānāre.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /a.t͡ʃã.aɾ/

Verb

achãar

  1. (transitive) to level
    • 1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV., Oviedo, page 134:
      et derribarõlles toda a obra et achãarõna em maneyra que toda afezerõ ygoal cõ aoutra terra, et [quaerom] os gigantes todos que estauã em çima labrando agrande pressa, et quaerom todos em terra et morrerõ que nõ ficou nẽgũ viuo, et sayo deles o sangre, et espargiosse porla terra, et andaua bolindo cõmo viuo et envolujasse ẽno poluo da terra
      and they toppled their whole work and they levelled it so that all was the same with the other ground, and all of the giants that were on top working in a great hurry, they fell to the ground and died, so that none was left alive, and the blood came out of them, and it scattered along the ground, and it was moving as if alive, and it was revolving in the dust of the ground
  2. (transitive) to raze
    • 1395, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, page 532:
      Et por ende nóslos deuemos destroýr et cofonder per força, et deytalos fora da terra, et desherdalos, et achãar as torres et os muros, et queymar et derribar os paaços et as casas, et abaixar a çidade toda, ca assý noslo an prometudo os dioses, et outorgarõ, et nos segurarõ ende ben.
      And so we must destroy them, and to forcibly ruin them, and to throw them out of the land, and to disinherit them, and raze the towers and the walls, and burn and topple the palaces and the houses, and to humble the whole city, because that was promised to us by the gods, and they granted this to us, and they assured us fortune on this

Conjugation
    Conjugation of achãar
infinitive simple achãar
compound infinitive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
gerund simple achãando
compound gerund of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
past participle singular plural
masculine achãado achãada
feminine achãados achãadas
present participle achãante achãantes
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative mood eu tu el~ele
ela
vossa mercee		 nos
nos outros
nos outras		 vos
vos outros
vos outras		 eles
elas
simple
tenses		 present achão achãas achãa achãamos achãades achãam3, achãan4
imperfect achãava achãavas achãava achãavamos achãavades achãavam3, achãavan4
preterite achãei achãaste3, achãasche4 achãou achãamos achãastes achãarom3, achãaron4
pluperfect achãara achãaras achãara achãaramos achãarades achãaram3, achãaran4
future achãarei achãarás achãará achãaremos achãaredes achãarám3, achãarán4
conditional achãaría achãarías achãaría achãariamos achãariades achãaríam3, achãarían4
compound
tenses		 present perfect present of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
present imperfect imperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
past anterior preterite of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
pluperfect simple pluperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
future perfect future of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
subjunctive mood eu tu el~ele
ela
vossa mercee		 nos
nos outros
nos outras		 vos
vos outros
vos outras		 eles
elas
simple
tenses		 present achãe achães achãe achãemos achãedes achãem3, achãen4
preterite achãasse achãasses achãasse achãássemos achãássedes achãassem3, achãassen4
future achãar achãares achãar achãarmos achãardes achãarem3, achãaren4
compound
tenses		 present perfect present subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
pluperfect preterite subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
future perfect future subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
imperative mood — tu vossa mercee nos
nos outros
nos outras		 vos
vos outros
vos outras		 —
affirmative — achãa achãe achãemos achãade —
negative — non achães non achãe non achãemos non achãedes —
personal infinitive eu tu el~ele
ela
vossa mercee		 nos
nos outros
nos outras		 vos
vos outros
vos outras		 eles
elas
achãar achãares achãar achãarmos achãardes achãarem3, achãaren4

1 Its alternative form aver can be used as well.

2 Teer and ter were used too, though all 3 were less common than forms of "haver".

3 Less common in Galicia

4 Less common in Portugal

    Descendants
    • Galician: achandar, achaiar
    • Portuguese: achanar

    References
    • “achãar” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
    • “achaar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
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