Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/stuppijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Likely from *stupp (“thrust, push”) +‎ *-jan.

Verb

*stuppijan

to thrust, push
to incite

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*stuppijan
1st sg. past	*stuppidā
Infinitive	*stuppijan
Genitive infin.	*stuppijannjas
Dative infin.	*stuppijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*stuppijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*stuppiju	*stuppidā
2nd singular	*stuppisi	stuppidēs, stuppidōs
3rd singular	*stuppiþi	stuppidē, stuppidā
1st plural	*stuppijum	*stuppidum
2nd plural	*stuppiþ	*stuppidud
3rd plural	*stuppijanþ	*stuppidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*stuppijē	*stuppidī
2nd singular	*stuppijēs	*stuppidī
3rd singular	*stuppijē	*stuppidī
1st plural	*stuppijēm	*stuppidīm
2nd plural	*stuppijēþ	*stuppidīd
3rd plural	*stuppijēn	*stuppidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*stuppi
Plural	*stuppiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*stuppijandī	*stuppid

Related terms

*stoppōn

Descendants

Old Saxon: *stuppian
- Middle Low German: stüppen, stippen
  - German Low German: stippen
  - → German: stippen
Old Dutch: *stuppen
- Middle Dutch: stuppen, *stupen, stopen, stoepen (“to incite, indulge in something bad”)
  - ⇒ Dutch: *aanstupen
    - ⇒ Dutch: aanstuping (“instigation, urging, admonishment”)
Old High German: stupfen
- Middle High German: stüpfen, stupfen
  - German: stüpfen, stupfen (dialectal)

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