< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/spaldan
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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
Uncertain; presumably from Proto-Germanic *spaldaną[1][2] and related to *speldą (“a split”), possibly cognate to Old Church Slavonic расплащѫ (rasplaštǫ, “to divide”), Sanskrit स्फाटति (sphāṭati, “to burst, expand”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)p(H)el- (“to split, cleave”).[3][4][5]
Inflection
| Strong class 7c | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *spaldan | |
| 1st sg. past | *speald | |
| 3rd pl. past | *spealdun | |
| Past ptcple | *spaldan | |
| Infinitive | *spaldan | |
| Genitive infin. | *spaldannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *spaldannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *spaldannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *spaldu | *speald |
| 2nd singular | *spaldiʀi | *spealdī |
| 3rd singular | *spaldidi | *speald |
| 1st plural | *spaldum | *spealdum |
| 2nd plural | *spaldid | *spealdud |
| 3rd plural | *spaldand | *spealdun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *spaldē | *spealdī |
| 2nd singular | *spaldēs | *spealdī |
| 3rd singular | *spaldē | *spealdī |
| 1st plural | *spaldēm | *spealdīm |
| 2nd plural | *spaldēþ | *spealdīd |
| 3rd plural | *spaldēn | *spealdīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *spald | |
| Plural | *spaldid | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *spaldandī | *spaldan |
Descendants
- Old Saxon: *spaldan
- Old Dutch: *spaldan
- Middle Dutch: spouden
- Dutch: spouwen
- Middle Dutch: spouden
- Old High German: spaltan
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*spaldan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 465
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*spalđanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 361
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1. (s)p(h)el-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 985
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*(s)pelt-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 577
- Boutkan, Dirk, Siebinga, Sjoerd (2005) “-splita”, in Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 1), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 364
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