< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/spōlijan
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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
Unknown;[1] possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pleh₃- (“to swim, flow”); or possibly from a lost Proto-Germanic verb *spalaną (“to flow, wash”).
Alternatively, perhaps derived from or related to Proto-West Germanic *spōwijan (“to spray, squirt, flush”) and/or Proto-West Germanic *spūjōn (“to spew, spurt”).
Inflection
| Class 1 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *spōlijan | |
| 1st sg. past | *spōlidā | |
| Infinitive | *spōlijan | |
| Genitive infin. | *spōlijannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *spōlijannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *spōlijannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *spōliju | *spōlidā |
| 2nd singular | *spōlisi | *spōlidēs, *spōlidōs |
| 3rd singular | *spōliþi | *spōlidē, *spōlidā |
| 1st plural | *spōlijum | *spōlidum |
| 2nd plural | *spōliþ | *spōlidud |
| 3rd plural | *spōlijanþ | *spōlidun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *spōlijē | *spōlidī |
| 2nd singular | *spōlijēs | *spōlidī |
| 3rd singular | *spōlijē | *spōlidī |
| 1st plural | *spōlijēm | *spōlidīm |
| 2nd plural | *spōlijēþ | *spōlidīd |
| 3rd plural | *spōlijēn | *spōlidīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *spōli | |
| Plural | *spōliþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *spōlijandī | *spōlid |
Descendants
- >? Old English: *spȳlian (for *spēlan ?)
- ⇒ Old English: āspȳlian
- Old Frisian: *spēla
- Saterland Frisian: späile
- West Frisian: spiele
- Old Saxon: *spōlian
- Middle Low German: spôlen, spoelen, spö̂len
- German Low German:
- Altmärkisch, Westphalian (Bentheimisch, Westmünsterländisch): spöölen
- Ostfriesisch: spölen
- Westphalian:
- Dortmundisch: spaẹ̆len
- Sauerländisch (Brilon, Elpe, Schmallenberg, Drolshagen, Elspe, Kirchhundem, Selbecke), East Westphalian (Lippe): spoilen
- Sauerländisch: spailen (Kurköln), spauelen (Niedersfeld), spülen (Wenden)
- → Danish: spule
- → Norwegian: spyle
- → Swedish: spola
- German Low German:
- Middle Low German: spôlen, spoelen, spö̂len
- Old Dutch: *spuolen
- Old High German: *spuolen (attested in irspuolen)
References
- Friedrich Kluge (1989) “spülen”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 692
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