< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kalk

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin calcem, accusative of calx (“lime”).[1][2]

Noun

*kalk m

  1. lime, limestone

Inflection
Masculine a-stem
Singular
Nominative *kalk
Genitive *kalkas
Singular Plural
Nominative *kalk *kalkō, *kalkōs
Accusative *kalk *kalkā
Genitive *kalkas *kalkō
Dative *kalkē *kalkum
Instrumental *kalku *kalkum

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Old English: ċealc, cealk
    • Middle English: chalk, calke, chalke, schalk, schalke
      • English: chalk (see there for further descendants); cauk, cawk
      • Scots: cauk, cawk
  • Old Frisian: kalk
    • North Frisian:
      Halligen: kalk
      Sylt: Kualk
    • Saterland Frisian: Koolk
    • West Frisian: kalk
  • Old Saxon: kalk, calc
    • Middle Low German: kalk, kallik
      • Low German: Kalk
      • Plautdietsch: Kaulkj
      • → Latvian: kaļķis
      • → Scandinavian:
        • Icelandic: kalk
        • Faroese: kálk
        • Norwegian:
          Norwegian Nynorsk: kalk
          Norwegian Bokmål: kalk
          • → Lule Sami: kálkka (or from Swedish)
          • → Southern Sami: kaalhke (or from Swedish)
        • Old Danish: kalk
        • Old Swedish: kalker
          • Swedish: kalk
            • → Finnish: kalkki
              • → Inari Sami: kalkkâ
              • → Skolt Sami: kalkk
            • → Northern Sami: kálka
  • Old Dutch: *kalk
  • Old High German: kalk, calc, calch, calck, chalc, chalch, chalh, kalck
    • Middle High German: kalc
      • Alemannic German: Chalch
      • Bavarian: Koich
        Cimbrian: khalch
        Hianzisch: Koli
        Tyrol Bavarian: Kchoich
      • Central Franconian: Kallek, Kallik
        Hunsrik: Kallik
      • East Central German:
        Erzgebirgisch: Kallich
        Silesian: Koilk
        Vilamovian: kiöelk
      • East Franconian: Kallich, Kollich
      • German: Kalk
      • Luxembourgish: Kallek
      • Rhine Franconian:
        Hessian: Kalch, Kalsch
        Palatine German: Kalk, Kalik
        Pennsylvania German: Kallick, Kalk
      • Yiddish: קאַלכ (kalkh)

References
  1. de Vries, Jan (1971) “kalk”, in Nederlands etymologisch woordenboek [Dutch etymological dictionary] (in Dutch), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
  2. Miller, D. Gary (2012 June 13) “Early loanwords from Latin and Greek”, in External Influences on English: From its Beginnings to the Renaissance, Oxford University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, § 4.5, page 65.
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