Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/baukn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *baukną.

Noun

*baukn n[1]

sign, symbol

Inflection

Neuter a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*baukn
Genitive	*bauknas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*baukn	*bauknu
Accusative	*baukn	*bauknu
Genitive	*bauknas	*bauknō
Dative	*bauknē	*bauknum
Instrumental	*bauknu	*bauknum

Derived terms

*bauknijan

Descendants

Old English: bēacn, bēacen, bīecen; bēcen, bēcon, bēcun
- Middle English: beken, beeken, beekne, bekene, bekne, bekyn, biken
  - English: beacon
  - Middle Scots: bekin, beikin
Old Frisian: bāken, bēken
- North Frisian: biike, baake, beken
- Saterland Frisian: Baake, Boake
- West Frisian: beaken
- → Middle Dutch: baken, bakin, beke, beken
  - Dutch: baken, baak
- → Middle Low German: bāke (possibly, or from southern Eastphalian, which is a Low German dialect, see below)
  - Low German: Bāke
  - → Danish: båke
  - → German: Bake
  - → Norwegian: båk, båke
  - → Swedish: båk
- → Old Norse: bákn, báken
  - Danish: bavn
  - Faroese: bákn
  - Icelandic: bákn
Old Dutch: *bōcan
- Middle Dutch: bokin, boken, boekin, boeken, boekijn
Old High German: bouhhan, bouchan, pouhhan, pouchan
- Middle High German: bouchen
  - Alemannic German: Pauchen, Böchen
  - Swabian: Bauchen
Old Saxon: bōkan
- Middle Low German: bāke (from southern Eastphalian, or a conflation of grammatical paradigms with the borrowing from Old Frisian, see above)
  - Dutch Low Saxon: boake (“(Easter) fire sign”)
→? Old French: boue, buie (alternatively from Latin boia)
- Middle French: bouee, boue
  - French: bouée
- → Catalan: boia
- → Middle Dutch: boye, boeye
  - Dutch: boei
  - → Danish: bøje
    - → Icelandic: bauja
  - → Middle English: buoy, boye
    - English: buoy
  - → German: Boje
    - → Polish: boja
- → Galician: boia
- → Spanish: boya

References

Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 309: “PWGmc *baukn”

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[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 309: “PWGmc *baukn”