Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/kowse

This Proto-Uralic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Uralic

Reconstruction

Long noted as a difficult word to reconstruct. The form *kowse has been suggested by Collinder (1960), and is supported e.g. by Aikio (2013), Zhivlov (2014). Has been also reconstructed as *kuuse, on the basis of Finnic and partly Mordvinic, or *koose, on the basis of Samic and Permic. Janhunen (1981) and Sammallahti (1988) suggest *kaxse (*kåxsɨ in their transcription), mainly based on Samoyedic. UEW reconstructs *kuse, even though this does not regularly match any of the descendants.

Noun

*kowse

spruce

Descendants

Proto-Samoyedic: *kåət
- Nganasan: (19th century) [script needed] (kuo), коˮ
- Enets:
  - Forest Enets: [script needed] (kari)
  - Tundra Enets: [script needed] (kadi)
- Yurats: [Term?] (cha)
- Nenets:
  - Forest Nenets: кат (kāt)
  - Tundra Nenets: хады (χādi)
- Selkup:
  - Northern Selkup: ӄут (qut)
  - Southern Selkup:
    - Narym: ка́дэ
    - Upper Ob: каадэ
- Kamassian: [script needed] (ko'd)
- Mator: [script needed] (kat)
- →? Proto-Turkic: *kạdï
  - Chuvash: хырӑ (hyră)
  - Khakas: хазы (xazı)
  - Tofa: хады
  - Tuvan: хады (xadı)
  - Yakut: кытыан (kıtıan)
Ugric:
- Mansi:
  - Northern Mansi: хо̄вт (hōwt)
- Khanty:
  - Eastern Khanty: кол (kol)
  - Northern Khanty: хол (hol)
Proto-Permic: *kȯz (see there for further descendants)
Mari:
- Eastern Mari: кож (kož)
Proto-Mordvinic: *kuz (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Samic: *kuosë (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Finnic: *kuusi (see there for further descendants)

References

Aikio, Ante. 2013. "Uralilaisen kantakielen vokaalistosta". Paper presented at the seminar Etymologia ja kielihistoria: Erkki Itkosen ja Aulis J. Joen 100-vuotisjuhlaseminaari.
Collinder, Björn. 1960. Comparative Grammar of the Uralic Languages. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell.
Janhunen, Juha. 1981. "Uralilaisen kantakielen sanastosta" ('On the Vocabulary of the Uralic Proto-Language'). Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 77, pp. 219–274.
Rédei, Károly (1986–88) Uralisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Uralic Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
Sammallahti, Pekka (1988) “Historical Phonology of the Uralic Languages”, in Denis, Sinor, editor, The Uralic Languages: Description, History and Foreign Influences, Leiden: E. J. Brill, →ISBN, pages 478-554
Zhivlov, Mikhail. 2014. "Studies in Uralic vocalism III". In Journal of Language Relationship 12, pp. 113–148.

External links

Entry #429 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

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