< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yudruk

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions
  • *yïdruk

Etymology

The ultimate origin is unknown. Even though suggested to be a derivation from *yum- (“to close (of eyes)”); Bashkir, Old Uyghur, Karakhanid and so on don't point it. As regards *ń-, Doerfer deemed only the comparison of Mongolic nudurga ‘fist’ and Turkic yudruk acceptable and claimed that the Mongolic form might have been dissimilated from *dudurga. In a later study in which he consonants had not undergone any changes during the formation of Proto-Common-Turkic and Proto-Bulgar-Turkic, it is possible and quite likely that Proto-Turkic had the same initials *p-, *ń- and *d₂- aswell.

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *nidurga (“fist”) and Proto-Tungusic *nurga (“fist”). And also Korean 주먹 (jumeok, “fist”) (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*yudruk

  1. fist

Declension
Declension of *yudruk
Singular 3)
Nominative *yudruk
Accusative *yudruknï, *yudrukug 4), *yudruknïg 1)
Genitive *yudruknïŋ
Dative *yudrukka
Locative *yudrukda
Ablative *yudrukdan
Allative *yudrukgaru
Instrumental 2) *yudrukun
Equative 2) *yudrukča
Similative 2) *yudruklayu
Comitative 2) *yudruklugu
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

See also

Descendants
  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: чӑмӑр (čămăr) (< *yumur- (?))
  • Common Turkic: *yudruk
  • Arghu:
  • Proto-Oghuz: *yumruk
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: يُذْرُقْ (yuδruq)
      • Chagatai: [script needed] (yumruk)
  • Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: yumruq, yumrıq
      • Karachay-Balkar: джумдурукъ (cumduruq)
      • Karaim:
      • Kumyk: юмурукъ (yumuruq)
      • Urum: йумрух
    • South Kipchak:
      • Caspian:
        • Karakalpak:
        • Kazakh: жұдырық (jūdyryq), жудурук (juduruk)
        • Nogai: юмырык (yumırık)
      • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
        • Kyrgyz: жудурук (juduruk)
        • Southern Altai: јудрук (ǰudruk)
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic:
      • Old Uyghur: yydrwq (yïdruq)
        • Western Yugur: [script needed] (uzïrïq)
    • North Siberian:
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan:
        • Tofa: нюдуруӄ (ńuduruq)
        • Tuvan: чудурук (çuduruk)
      • Yeniseian:
        • Khakas: мунзурух (munzurux), нузурух (nuzurux)
        • Shor: [script needed] (nuzruq)

References
  • Doerfer, Gerhard (1963–1975). Türkische und Mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen. Bde. I–IV, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag.
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*yudruk”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 892
  • Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, pages 248-249
  • Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 253
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