< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tog-
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Verb
*tog-
Conjugation
Conjugation of *tog- (Common Turkic)
Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.
| Positive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | *togmak | |||||||
| participle | present | *toggan, togugma, togar | ||||||
| past | *togduk, togmïš | |||||||
| future | *togdačï, togmakčï, togsïk, togačak | |||||||
| verbal noun | *togma, togug, toggu | |||||||
| way of doing | *toguš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *togar ben | *togar sen | *togar | *togar biz | *togar siz | *togar | |
| past | simple | *togdum | *togduŋ | *togdï | *togduk, togdumuz | *togduŋuz | *togdï | |
| inferential | *togmïš ben | *togmïš sen | *togmïš | *togmïš biz | *togmïš siz | *togmïš | ||
| future | simple | *togdačï ben, togmakčï ben, togačak ben | *togdačï sen, togmakčï sen, togačak sen | *togdačï, togmakčï, togačak | *togdačï biz, togmakčï biz, togačak biz | *togdačï siz, togmakčï siz, togačak siz | *togdačï, togmakčï, togačak | |
| predictive | *toggay ben | *toggay sen | *toggay | *toggay biz | *toggay siz | *toggay | ||
| necessitive | *togsukum | *togsukuŋ | *togsuk | *togsukumuz | *togsukuŋuz | *togsuk | ||
| conditional | *togsam, togsar ben | *togsaŋ, togsar sen | *togsa, togsar | *togsak, togsamïz, togsar biz | *togsaŋïz, togsar siz | *togsalar, togsar | ||
| optative | *toggay ben | *toggay sen | *toggay | *toggay biz | *toggay siz | *toggay | ||
| progressive | *togmakda ben | *togmakda sen | *togmakda | *togmakda biz | *togmakda siz | *togmakda | ||
| necessitative | *togmalïg ben | *togmalïg sen | *togmalïg | *togmalïg biz | *togmalïg siz | *togmalïg | ||
| imperative | *togayïn | *tog, toggïl | *togzun | *togalïm | *toguŋ | *togzun | ||
| Negative | ||||||||
| infinitive | *togmamak | |||||||
| participle | present | *togmagan, togmagma, togmaz | ||||||
| past | *togmaduk, togmamïš | |||||||
| future | *togmačï, togmasïk, togmayačak | |||||||
| verbal noun | *togmama, togmag, togmagu | |||||||
| way of doing | *togmayuš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *togmaz ben | *togmaz sen | *togmaz | *togmaz biz | *togmaz siz | *togmaz | |
| past | simple | *togmadum | *togmaduŋ | *togmadï | *togmaduk, togmadumuz | *togmaduŋuz | *togmadï | |
| inferential | *togmamïš ben | *togmamïš sen | *togmamïš | *togmamïš biz | *togmamïš siz | *togmamïš | ||
| future | simple | *togmačï ben, togmayačak ben | *togmačï sen, togmayačak sen | *togmačï, togmayačak | *togmačï biz, togmayačak biz | *togmačï siz, togmayačak siz | *togmačï, togmayačak | |
| predictive | *togmagay ben | *togmagay sen | *togmagay | *togmagay biz | *togmagay siz | *togmagay | ||
| necessitive | *togmasukum | *togmasukuŋ | *togmasuk | *togmasukumuz | *togmasukuŋuz | *togmasuk | ||
| conditional | *togmasam, togmasar ben | *togmasaŋ, togmasar sen | *togmasa, togmasar | *togmasak, togmasamïz, togmasar biz | *togmasaŋïz, togmasar siz | *togmasalar, togmasar | ||
| optative | *togmagay ben | *togmagay sen | *togmagay | *togmagay biz | *togmagay siz | *togmagay | ||
| progressive | *togmamakda ben | *togmamakda sen | *togmamakda | *togmamakda biz | *togmamakda siz | *togmamakda | ||
| necessitative | *togmamalïg ben | *togmamalïg sen | *togmamalïg | *togmamalïg biz | *togmamalïg siz | *togmamalïg | ||
| imperative | *togmayayïn | *togma, togmagïl | *togmazun | *togmayalïm | *togmayïŋ | *togmazun | ||
Derived terms
- ⇒ *tog-ur- (“to raise; give birth to”)
- ⇒ *tog-un- (“to rise”)
- ⇒ *tog-un (“relative”)
Descendants
- Arghu:
- Khalaj: toğmaq
- Oghuz:
- Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (tog-)
- Chagatai:
- Uyghur: تۇغۇلماق (tughulmaq)
- Uzbek: tugʼilmoq
- Chagatai:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (tog-)
- Kipchak:
- West Kipchak:
- Crimean Tatar: [script needed] (tuv-)
- Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (tuv-)
- Karaim: [script needed] (tuv-)
- Kumyk: [script needed] (tuv-)
- North Kipchak:
- South Kipchak:
- West Kipchak:
- Siberian:
- ⇒ Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰆𐰍𐰽𐰴 (toɣsïq)
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tog-)
- Western Yugur: [script needed] (toɣ-)
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tog-)
- ⇒ Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰆𐰍𐰽𐰴 (toɣsïq)
References
- Fedotov, M. R. (1996) “ту”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), volume II, Cheboksary: Chuvash State Institute of Humanities, pages 240-241
- Jegorov, V. G. (1964) “ту”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, pages 254-255
- al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 465
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “doğmak”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 483
- Sevortjan, E. V. (1980) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Nauka, page 245
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