< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/toŋuz
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Alternative reconstructions
- *toŋaz (per Doerfer)[1]
Etymology
Possibly from earlier *tonkuz,[2] a derivation of *tonk- with unclear meaning and a suffix[2] If the word was present in Proto-Bulgaric (Oghuric), the form *toŋuŕ could be reconstructed. However, no form that can be traced back to Proto-Bulgaric (via cognates in e.g. Chuvash or Hungarian) is attested.
Vovin (2011:260-263) speculates on a link among Common Turkic *toŋuz, Old Chinese 豚 (OC *duːn, “piglet”), and Middle Korean 돝 (twòth, “pig”).[3]
Declension
Declension of *toŋuz (Common Turkic)
| singular | plural2) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | *toŋuz | *toŋuzlar |
| accusative | ||
| genitive | *toŋuznïŋ | *toŋuzlarnïŋ |
| dative | *toŋuzka | *toŋuzlarka |
| locative | *toŋuzda | *toŋuzlarda |
| ablative | *toŋuzdan | *toŋuzlardan |
| instrumental1) | *toŋuzlarïn | |
| equative1) | *toŋuzča | *toŋuzlarča |
1)The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
2)This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.
2)This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.
Descendants
- Arghu:
- Khalaj: tongquz
- Oghuz:
- Karluk:
- Karakhanid: توڭُوز (toŋuz)
- Chagatai: توڭوُز (toŋuz)
- Uzbek: toʻngʻiz
- Uyghur: توڭگۇز (tongguz), توقگۇز (toqguz)
- Chagatai: توڭوُز (toŋuz)
- Karakhanid: توڭُوز (toŋuz)
- Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
- Bashkir: дуңғыҙ (duñğıź)
- Tatar: дуңгыз (duñgız)
- West Kipchak:
- South Kipchak:
- East Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
- Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰑𐰭𐰔 (toŋuz), 𐱃𐰆𐰭𐰆𐰕 (t¹uŋuz)
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (toŋuz, “pig”)
References
- Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20) (in German), volume III, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, pages 585-586
- Sevortjan, E. V. (1980) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Nauka, page 267
- Vovin, Alexander (2011) “First and second person singular pronouns: a pillar or a pillory of the ‘Altaic’ hypothesis?”, in Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları, volume 21, number 2, pages 251-278
- Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), volume II, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, page 824
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “toŋuz”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 527
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*doŋuŕ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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