< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tẹ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *te (“that”), Proto-Tungusic *ta- (“that”), Proto-Uralic *tä (“that”). Compare also modern Mongolian тэр (ter) and Evenki тар (tar).

Some of the descendants point to a derivation *tẹ +‎ *-ki. The reasoning for rounding in some forms is uncertain.

Pronoun

*tẹ

  1. that
    Synonym: *ol (“he, she, it; that”)

Declension
Declension of *tẹ (pronominal-n declension)
Singular
Nominative *tẹ
Accusative *tẹni
Genitive *tẹniŋ
Dative *tẹŋe
Locative *tẹnte
Ablative *tẹnten
Allative 1) *tẹŋerü
Instrumental 1) *tẹn
Equative 1) *tẹnče
Similative 1) *tẹnleyü
Comitative 1) *tẹnligü
1) The original allative, instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.

Descendants
  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: те (te)
  • Common Turkic:
  • Oghuz:
    • West Oghuz:
      • Gagauz: te bu (“this there”), te o (“that there”)
    • East Oghuz:
      • Salar: düğü, tüü
      • Turkmen: şütki, şütüki, bitiki
  • Kipchak:
      • Cuman: [script needed] (tigi)
      • North Kipchak:
      • South Kipchak:
        • Kazakh: [script needed] (tigi) (dialectal)
        • East Kipchak:
  • Siberian:
    • North Siberian:
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan Turkic:
        • Tofa: тээ (tee)
        • Tuvan: дөө (döö)
      • Yeniseian Turkic:

References
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ti-(kü)”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 479
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