< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ordu

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Uncertain, however usually considered simplex. EDAL suggests a derivation from a hypothetical *or- verb suggesting *orun (“place”) and *ortu (“middle”) as cognates, however a derivation *or-du would have yielded *ortu not *ordu[1].

The rather uncommon consonant cluster *-rd- may also indicate a borrowing from an unknown source. Dybo suggests that the word is borrowed from Mongolic rather than the other way around[2].

Noun

*ordu

  1. royal camp, palace
  2. (military) army camp

Declension
Declension of *ordu
Singular 3)
Nominative *ordu
Accusative *ordunï, *ordug 4), *ordunïg 1)
Genitive *ordunïŋ
Dative *orduka
Locative *orduda
Ablative *ordudan
Allative *ordugaru
Instrumental 2) *ordun
Equative 2) *orduča
Similative 2) *ordulayu
Comitative 2) *ordulugu
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants
  • Xiong-nu:
    • → Old Chinese: 甌脫 (ōutuō)
  • → Classical Mongolian: ᠣᠷᠳ᠋ᠤ (ordu)
  • → Kalmyk: орда (orda)
  • Common Turkic:
  • Oghuz:
  • Karluk:
    • Chagatai: اردو (ordu)
    • Karakhanid: [script needed] (ordu)
      • Uzbek: orda
      • Uyghur: ئوردا (orda)
  • Kipchak:
    • → Middle French: horde
    • → German: Horde
    • → Polish: horda
    • → Russian: орда (orda, “horde, clan, troop”)
    • → English: horde
    • → Macedonian: орда (orda)
    • North Kipchak:
    • West Kipchak:
      • Karaim: [script needed] (ordu)
    • South Kipchak:
      • Caspian:
      • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
        • Kyrgyz: ордо (ordo)
        • Southern Altai: орды (ordï)
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic: 𐰆𐰺𐰑𐰆 (ordu)
    • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ordu)
    • North Kipchak:
    • South Kipchak:
      • Yenisei:
        • Khakas: [script needed] (orda)

References
  1. Erdal, Marcel (1991) Old Turkic Word Formation‎, volume I, Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 332
  2. Dybo, Anna (2014) “Early contacts of Turks and problems of Proto-Turkic reconstruction”, in Tatarica‎, volume 2, page 12
  • al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 124
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 203
  • Doerfer, Gerhard (1965) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 19)‎ (in German), volume II, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 452, page 32
  • Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ordu”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*or-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 364
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