< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kem

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology 1

Derived from the interrogative particle *ka-.

Compare Proto-Uralic *ke (“who”) and Proto-Mongolic *ken (“who”), whence also Mongolian хэн (xen, “who”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronoun

*kem[1][2][3][4]

  1. who

Declension
Declension of *kem (pronominal-n declension)
Singular
Nominative *kem
Accusative *kemni
Genitive *kemniŋ
Dative *kemke
Locative *kemte
Ablative *kemden
Allative 1) *kemgerü
Instrumental 1) *kem bile
Equative 1) *kemče
Similative 1) {{{10}}}
Comitative 1) {{{11}}}
1) The original allative, instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.

Descendants
  • Oghur:
    • Volga Bulgar: كم[5]
  • Common Turkic:
  • Arghu:
  • Proto-Oghuz: *kim
    • West Oghuz:
      • Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (kim)
    • East Oghuz:
  • Karluk:
  • Kipchak:
  • Siberian
    • Old Turkic:
      • Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰢 (kem)
      • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kem)
        • Western Yugur: kïm
    • North Siberian
    • South Siberian:

Etymology 2

Similar to Proto-Mongolic *gem (“defect, illness”). [6][7][8][9]

Noun

*kem

  1. illness

Declension
Declension of *kem
Singular 3)
Nominative *kem
Accusative *kemni, *kemig 4), *kemnig 1)
Genitive *kemniŋ
Dative *kemke
Locative *kemde
Ablative *kemden
Allative *kemgerü
Instrumental 2) *kemin
Equative 2) *kemče
Similative 2) *kemleyü
Comitative 2) *kemligü
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants
  • Oghuz:
    • West Oghuz:
      • Azerbaijani: kəm
      • Ottoman Turkish:
    • East Oghuz:
  • Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  • Karluk:
    • ⇒ Karakhanid: [script needed] (ig-kem)
  • Siberian:
    • North Siberian:
    • South Siberian:

References
  1. Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kem, *ka-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  2. Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 720-721
  3. Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 271
  4. Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, pages 67-68, 191-192
  5. Erdal, Marcel (1993) Die Sprache der wolgabolgarischen Inschriften (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 69-70
  6. Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kem”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  7. Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 720
  8. Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 250
  9. Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, pages 34-35
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