< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kapïrčak

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms
  • *kapsa (only exists in Oghuz)

Etymology

From *kapïŕ (“coffin”) +‎ *-čak (“diminutive suffix”), ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kap-. Also related to Old Uyghur [script needed] (qapız, “coffin”), Chagatai [script needed] (qapuzağ, “bark of a tree”). Compare also Proto-Mongolic *kayircag, *kaxurcag (“small box, chest”), Proto-Tungusic *kapsa (“box; bag; delved boat”).[1][2] The Siberian Turkic languages are reborrowed the word from its Mongolic form.[3]

Noun

*kapïrčak

  1. box, coffin
  2. basket

Declension
Declension of *kapïrčak
Singular 3)
Nominative *kapïrčak
Accusative *kapïrčaknï, *kapïrčakïg 4), *kapïrčaknïg 1)
Genitive *kapïrčaknïŋ
Dative *kapïrčakka
Locative *kapïrčakda
Ablative *kapïrčakdan
Allative *kapïrčakgaru
Instrumental 2) *kapïrčakïn
Equative 2) *kapïrčakča
Similative 2) *kapïrčaklayu
Comitative 2) *kapïrčaklïgu
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants
  • Oghur:
    • → Hungarian: koporsó
  • Common Turkic:
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
      • Azerbaijani: qabsağ (“garden gate”) (dialect in Quba)[4]
      • Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (qapurçaq, “parfume box, chest, case”)
        • Turkish: kabırcak (“coffin”) (dialectal, Uşak, Kütahya), kapurcak (“wooden box”) (dialectal, Edirne, Çanakkale), kapıncak (“wooden box”) (dialectal, Tekirdağ, Istanbul (European side)), kapsa (“basket, box”) (dialectal, İzmir, Aydın, Manisa, Kütahya, Sivas, Giresun), kapsa (“garden gate”) (dialectal, Balıkesir, Mersin, Konya, Antalya, Çanakkale), kapsa (“shelter; garden gate”) (dialectal, Malatya), kapsak (“garden gate”) (dialectal, Aydın)[5]
    • Turkmen: gapyrjak (“box”), gabsa (“wooden gate”)
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: قَبِرْجاقْ (qapırčāq)[6]
  • Kipchak:
  • Siberian:
    • Old Uyghur:
    • North Siberian:
      • Yakut: куорчах (kuorcaq, “dugout coffin; protective frame for the coffin”)
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan:
        • Tuvan: [script needed] (xaarjak, “box, case; coffin”)
      • Yenisei:
        • Khakas: харачах (xaraçax, “box, case, chest”),[7] харчах (xarçax) (perhaps from Mongolic)

References
  1. Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Kapɨrčak, *Kapsak”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  2. Tekin, Talât (1979) “Once More Zetacism and Sigmatism”, in Central Asiatic Journal‎, volume 23, Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 118-137
  3. Tekin, Talât. (Ankara) “The Second Altınköl Inscription.” Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları, vol. 8, 1998, page 12.
  4. Axundov A. A., Kazımov Q. Ş., Behbudov S. M., editors (2007), “Proto-Turkic/kapïrčak”, in Azərbaycan dilinin dialektoloji lüğəti [Dialectological Dictionary of the Azerbaijani Language] (in Azerbaijani), Baku: Şərq-Qərb, →ISBN
  5. “kabırcak, kapurcak, kapıncak, kapsa, kapsak”, in Türkiye'de halk ağzından derleme sözlüğü [Compilation Dictionary of Popular Speech in Turkey] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1982
  6. al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 501
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