< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/balčïk
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Alternative forms
- *balkčïk, *balkač, *balkïč
Etymology
Cognate with *balïk, whence Arghu بَلِقْ (balıq, “mud”) and Old Turkic 𐰉𐰞𐰃𐰶 (balïq). Nişanyan suggests that *bālïk (“fish”) is also related, compare *siāŕgan (“carp”) for semantic development. Sevortjan suggests the root for all of them is *bạl (“honey”) which he supposes comes from an earlier meaning "viscous liquid". Some of the Kipchak and Siberian reflexes show a metathesis to *balkïč. Some academicians such as Hasan Eren, Nedim Tuna and Yasemin Bulut claim *balkač as the archaic form and reflexes show a metathesis to *balčak and *balčïk. Ananiasz Zajaczkowski suggests *balkčïk.[1]
Declension
Declension of *balčïk
| Singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| Nominative | *balčïk |
| Accusative | *balčïknï, *balčïkïg 4), *balčïknïg 1) |
| Genitive | *balčïknïŋ |
| Dative | *balčïkka |
| Locative | *balčïkda |
| Ablative | *balčïkdan |
| Allative | *balčïkgaru |
| Instrumental 2) | *balčïkïn |
| Equative 2) | *balčïkča |
| Similative 2) | *balčïklayu |
| Comitative 2) | *balčïklïgu |
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
Descendants
- Common Turkic:
- Oghuz: بَلْجِقْ (balçıq)
- Karluk:
- Chagatai: [script needed] (palçığ)
- Uyghur: بالچۇق (balchuq)
- Uzbek: balchiq
- Chagatai: [script needed] (palçığ)
- Kipchak: [script needed] (balçık), [script needed] (balçuk), [script needed] (balşık)
- Cuman: balçuc
- North Kipchak:
- West Kipchak:
- Crimean Tatar: balçıq
- Kumyk: балчыкь (balçıkʹ)
- South Kipchak:
- Siberian:
- South Siberian:
- Sayan:
- Tuvan: малгаш (malgaş)
- Yenisei:
- Khakas: палгас (palgas), палчах (palçax)
- Shor: палғаш
- Sayan:
- South Siberian:
- → Proto-Mongolic: *balcig
References
- Çınar, Ümit. (2021) Bal Gibi. pp. 6-8.
- Şemseddin Sâmi (1899–1901) قاموس تركی [kamus-ı türki] (in Ottoman Turkish), Constantinople: İkdam Matbaası
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 333
- al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, pages 379, 467
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “balçık”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Levitskaja, L. S., Blagova, G. F., Dybo, A. V., Nasilov, D. M., Pocelujevskij, Je. A. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume VII, Moscow: Vostočnaja literatura, page 110
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 60
- M. Selda Çoban (2005) Divanu Lugati`t-Türk'te geçen "Oğuzca" kayıtlı dil malzemesi (Thesis), Ankara University Institute of Social Sciences, page 59
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