Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/boyïn

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

The form *bōń, suggested by Rasanen and ESTJa, is fixed by Chuvash and North Siberian descendants and the initial m- in some descendants.

Going off DLT, Clauson and Nishanyan reconstructs it as *bōyïn instead.

ESTJa also suggests a derivation *bod (“stature”) +‎ *-ïn, however this is morphologically impossible, as not only is there no *-n denominal noun suffix, the suffix that does exist has fourfold vowel harmony, ontop of that no descendent phonetically points to it.

Compared to Proto-Tungusic *moń- (“neck”) by Altaicists.

Noun

*boyïn

(anatomy) neck

Declension

Declension of *boyïn

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*boyïn
Accusative	boyïnnï, boyïnug ⁴⁾, *boyïnnïg ¹⁾
Genitive	*boyïnnïŋ
Dative	*boyïnka
Locative	*boyïnta
Ablative	*boyïntan
Allative	*boyïngaru
Instrumental ²⁾	*boyïnun
Equative ²⁾	*boyïnča
Similative ²⁾	*boyïnlayu
Comitative ²⁾	*boyïnlugu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Derived terms

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *bōń-čuk (“bead”)
⇒ Proto-Turkic: *bōń-duruk (“yoke”)
⇒ Proto-Turkic: *bōń-a- (“to narrow; to be obstinate”)
- ⇒ Proto-Turkic: *bōńa-k (“a narrow pass”)

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: мӑй (măj)
Common Turkic: *bōń, *bōyn

Arghu:
- Khalaj: bôyın
Oghuz:
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Azerbaijani: boyun
    - Ottoman Turkish: بوین (boyun)
      - Gagauz: boyun
      - Turkish: boyun
- Oghuz-Uyghur:
  - Salar: boyun
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: boýun
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (boyın)
  - Chagatai: [script needed] (moyun)
    - Uyghur: بويۇن‎ (boyun‎)
    - Uzbek: bo'yin
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: муйын (muyın)
  - Tatar: муен (muyen)
- East Kipchak:
  - Crimeaic Kipchak:
    - Crimean Tatar: moyun
    - Urum: боин (boin)
  - Karachay-Balkar: боюн (boyun)
  - Karaim: бойун
  - Kumyk: боюн (boyun)
- South Kipchak:
  - Karakalpak: moyın
  - Kazakh: мойын (moiyn)
  - Nogai: мойын (moyın)
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: моюн (moyun)
  - Southern Altai: мойын (moyïn)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic:
  - Old Uyghur: bwyyn (boyïn)
    - Western Yugur: mojn
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: муой (muoy)
  - Yakut: моой (mooy)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tofa: мөэн
    - Tuvan: моюн (moyun)
  - Yeniseian Turkic:
    - Khakas: мойын (moyın)
    - Shor: мойун

References

Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, pages 233-234
Sevortjan, E. V. (1978) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Nauka, page 180
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 80
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*bōjn”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “boyın”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 386
Agyágasi, Klára (2019) Chuvash Historical Phonetics (Turcologica; 117), Wiesbaden: Harrssowitz, page 85
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “boyun”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

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